Computer Terms & Abbreviations

Terms	Full Forms	Definitions
JAR	Java Archive.	JAR is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution.
J2EE	Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition.	J2EE is a platform-independent, Java-centric environment from Sun for developing, building and deploying Web-based enterprise applications online.
JAD	Java Application Descriptor/Development.	JAD files describe the MIDlets (Java ME applications) that are distributed as JAR files. JAD files are commonly used to package Java applications or games that can be downloaded to mobile phones.
JPEG	Joint Photographic Expert Group.	JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.
JS	JavaScript.	JS is a full-fledged dynamic programming language that, when applied to an HTML document, can provide dynamic interactivity on websites.
JSP	Java Server Page.	JSP is a technology that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, or other document types.
KB	KILOBYTE	1 KB = 1000 Byte
KBD	KeyBoard	–
Kbps	Kilobits/Kilobytes Per Second	KBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
LAN	Local Area Network	LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display	LCD is the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology.
LED	Light Emitting Diode	LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.
LLL	Low Level Language	LLL is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture-commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions.
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network	MAN is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).
MB	Motherboard	MB is the main printed circuit board (PCB) that holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
MBPS	Megabits/Megabytes Per Second	MBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
MHz	Mega Hertz	MHz is a clock frequency, also known as a clock rate or clock speed, representing a cycle of time. An oscillator circuit supplies a small amount of electricity to a crystal each second that is measured in KHz, MHz, or GHz.
MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second	MIPS is a measure of a computer’s processor speed. Many reported IPS values have represented “peak” execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values.
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions	MIME is an Internet standard that extends the format of email
MICR	Magnetic Ink Character Recognition	MICR is a technology which allows machines to read and process cheques enabling thousands of cheque transactions in a short time. MICR code is usually a nine digit code comprising of some important information about the transaction and the bank.
MPEG	Motion Picture Experts Group	MPEG is a working group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.
Mp3	MPEG Audio Layer 3.	Mp3 is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression, which are data encoding methods that use inexact approximations and partial data discarding to reduce file sizes significantly, typically by a factor of 10, in comparison with a CD, yet still sound like the original uncompressed audio to most listeners.
Mp4	MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding)	Mp4 is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based video compression standard.
NAT	Network Address Translation	NAT is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in Internet Protocol (IP) datagram packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
NIC	Network Interface Card	NIC is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
NIIT	National Institute of Information Technology	–
NTP	Network Time Protocol	NTP is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
NTFS	New Technology File System	NTFS is the file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing and retrieving files on a hard disk.
OMR	Optical Mark Reader/Recognition	OMR is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.
OOP	Object Oriented Programming.	OOP is a programming language model organized around objects rather than “actions” and data rather than logic.

Banking Awareness,

Q1. The concept of insuring deposits kept with banks received attention for the first time in the year ___________ after the banking crises in Bengal. 

(a) 1941

(b) 1933

(c) 1961

(d) 1948

(e) 1919

Q2. The Deposit Insurance Corporation (DIC) Bill was introduced in the Parliament on August 21, 1961. After it was passed by the Parliament, the Bill got the assent of the President on December 7, 1961, and the Deposit Insurance Act, 1961 came into force on January 01st-

(a) 1962

(b) 1975

(c) 1956

(d) 1949

(e) 1935

Q3. The Reserve Bank of India was promoted a public limited company on January 14th, 1971, named the CGCI. What was the meaning of "C" in CGCI?

(a) Common

(b) Conclusion

(c) Corporation

(d) Concept

(e) Credit

Q4. The DIC Bill was introduced in the Parliament on August 21st, 1961. What is the meaning of "D" in DIC?

(a) Distance

(b) Development

(c) Deposit

(d) Demand

(e) None of the above

Q5. DICGC stands for- 

(a) Deposit Investment and Credit Guarantee Corporation 

(b) Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation

(c) Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Company 

(d) Demand Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation 

(e) Deposit Installment and Credit Guarantee Corporation 

Q6. DICGC was came into existence on- 

(a) 15th July 1949

(b) 15th July 1961

(c) 15th July 1982

(d) 15th July 1972

(e) 15th July 1978

Q7. The authorised capital of the DICGC is 50 crore, which is fully issued and subscribed by-

(a) Government of India

(b) SIDBI

(c) NABARD

(d) RBI

(e) SEBI

Q8. Which type of Banks is covered under Deposit Insurance (DICGC) Scheme?

(a) All commercial banks including the branches of foreign banks functioning in India

(b) Local Area Banks 

(c) Regional Rural Banks

(d) All of the above

(e) None of the above

Q9. Initially (Before 1968), under the provisions of Section 16(1) of the DICGC Act, the insurance cover was limited to ________ only per depositor(s) for deposits held by him (them) in the "same right and in the same capacity" in all the branches of the bank taken together. 

(a) Rs 1500

(b) Rs 2500

(c) Rs 10000

(d) Rs 50000

(e) Rs 100

Q10. Who is the present chairman of DICGC?

(a) Harsh Kumar Bhanwala

(b) SS Mundra

(c) NS Vishwanathan

(d) R Gandhi

(e) Ajay Tyagi

Solutions

S1. Ans.(d)

Sol. The concept of insuring deposits kept with banks received attention for the first time in the year 1948 after the banking crises in Bengal. The question came up for reconsideration in the year 1949, but it was decided to hold it in abeyance till the Reserve Bank of India ensured adequate arrangements for inspection of banks. Subsequently, in the year 1950, the Rural Banking Enquiry Committee also supported the concept. 

S2. Ans.(a)

Sol. The Deposit Insurance Corporation (DIC) Bill was introduced in the Parliament on August 21, 1961. After it was passed by the Parliament, the Bill got the assent of the President on December 7, 1961 and the Deposit Insurance Act, 1961 came into force on January 1, 1962. The Deposit Insurance Scheme was initially extended to functioning commercial banks only. This included the State Bank of India and its subsidiaries, other commercial banks and the branches of the foreign banks operating in India. 

S3. Ans.(e)

Sol. The Reserve Bank of India also promoted a public limited company on January 14, 1971, named the Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd. (CGCI). The main thrust of the Credit Guarantee Schemes, introduced by the Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd., was aimed at encouraging the commercial banks to cater to the credit needs of the hitherto neglected sectors, particularly the weaker sections of the society engaged in non-industrial activities, by providing guarantee cover to the loans and advances granted by the credit institutions to small and needy borrowers covered under the priority sector. 

S4. Ans.(c)

Sol. The Deposit Insurance Corporation (DIC) Bill was introduced in the Parliament on August 21, 1961. After it was passed by the Parliament, the Bill got the assent of the President on December 7, 1961 and the Deposit Insurance Act, 1961 came into force on January 1, 1962. 

S5. Ans.(b)

Sol. DICGC stands for Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation.

S6. Ans.(e)

Sol. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) was came into existence on July 15, 1978. Consequently, the title of Deposit Insurance Act, 1961 was changed to 'The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961'.

S7. Ans.(d)

Sol. The authorised capital of the Corporation is 50 crore, which is fully issued and subscribed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). 

S8. Ans.(d)

Sol. All commercial banks including the branches of foreign banks functioning in India, Local Area Banks and Regional Rural Banks are covered under Deposit Insurance (DICGC) Scheme.

S9. Ans.(a)

Sol. Initially, under the provisions of Section 16(1) of the DICGC Act, the insurance cover was limited to 1,500/- only per depositor(s) for deposits held by him (them) in the "same right and in the same capacity" in all the branches of the bank taken together. However, the Act also empowers the Corporation to raise this limit with the prior approval of the Central Government. 

S10. Ans.(c)

Sol. N.S.Vishwanathan (Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India) is the present chairman of DICGC.

QUIZ-27

Q1. Which bank has launched the '811 banking app' which is part of the lender's vision to double customer base in 18 months?

Answer: Kotak Mahindra Bank

Q2. Minister of Railways Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu has released the book titled __________________________________ jointly authored by Shri Bibek Debroy (Member, NITI Aayog) Shri Sanjay Chadha (Joint Secretary, Ministry of Commerce) & Ms. Vidya Krishnamurthi.

Answer: Indian Railway- The weaving of a National Tapestry

Q3. The Reserve Bank of India has completed its 82nd establishment day on 01st April 2017. RBI was set up on the basis of the recommendations of-

Answer: Hilton Young Commission

Q4. The government has launched two mobile apps ______________________ that provide access to various services and information, and enable citizens to report any traffic violation or road accident.

Answer: echallan and mParivahan

Q5. The State Bank of India, the country's largest lender has started functioning as unified entity from 01st April 2017 post merger of its five associate banks, besides Bharatiya Mahila Bank. State Bank of India was established on-

Answer: 01st July 1955

Q6. The BRICS-backed New Development Bank (NDB) has invested in seven projects totaling $1.5 billion in about two years of its operation. Where is the headquarter of NDB?

Answer: Shanghai, China

Q7. Joyciline Jepkosgei has broken the world half marathon record as well as the 10km and 15km marks at the Prague Half Marathon on the way to winning the IAAF Gold Label Road Race in one hour, four minutes and 52 seconds. She is from-

Answer: Kenya

Q8. Name the American singer and song-writer, who has finally accepted his Nobel Prize for literature 2016, more than three months after the awards ceremony.

Answer: Bob Dylan

Q9. The World Autism Awareness Day 2017 has been observed across the world on 02 April 2017. The 2017 theme for the day is-

Answer: Toward Autonomy and Self-Determination

Q10. In which city, the second annual meeting of BRICS's New Development Bank (NDB) has been concluded.

Answer: New Delhi, India

Q11. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the 9.2 km long Chenani-Nashri all-weather road tunnel on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. The 24.5-kilometer long Laerdal Tunnel in _________ is the longest road tunnel in the world.

Answer: Norway

Q12. Who has won the India Open badminton championship 2017 in New Delhi?

Answer: P.V. Sindhu

Q13. Diplomat Vipul, a 1998 batch Indian Foreign Service officer has took up the charge as the new Consul General of Dubai. Mr. Vipul has succeeded-

Answer: Anurag Bhushan

Q14. Which city, the 19th Commonwealth Forestry Conference (CFC) 2017 has been concluded?

Answer: Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Q15. Which player has won the Miami Open 2017 Singles title?

Answer: Roger Federer

arithmetic,

(α+в+¢)²= α²+в²+¢²+2(αв+в¢+¢α)
1. (α+в)²= α²+2αв+в²
2. (α+в)²= (α-в)²+4αв b
3. (α-в)²= α²-2αв+в²
4. (α-в)²= f(α+в)²-4αв
5. α² + в²= (α+в)² - 2αв.
6. α² + в²= (α-в)² + 2αв.
7. α²-в² =(α + в)(α - в)
8. 2(α² + в²) = (α+ в)² + (α - в)²
9. 4αв = (α + в)² -(α-в)²
10. αв ={(α+в)/2}²-{(α-в)/2}²
11. (α + в + ¢)² = α² + в² + ¢² + 2(αв + в¢ + ¢α)
12. (α + в)³ = α³ + 3α²в + 3αв² + в³
13. (α + в)³ = α³ + в³ + 3αв(α + в)
14. (α-в)³=α³-3α²в+3αв²-в³
15. α³ + в³ = (α + в) (α² -αв + в²)
16. α³ + в³ = (α+ в)³ -3αв(α+ в)
17. α³ -в³ = (α -в) (α² + αв + в²)
18. α³ -в³ = (α-в)³ + 3αв(α-в)
ѕιη0° =0
ѕιη30° = 1/2
ѕιη45° = 1/√2
ѕιη60° = √3/2
ѕιη90° = 1
¢σѕ ιѕ σρρσѕιтє σƒ ѕιη
тαη0° = 0
тαη30° = 1/√3
тαη45° = 1
тαη60° = √3
тαη90° = ∞
¢σт ιѕ σρρσѕιтє σƒ тαη
ѕє¢0° = 1
ѕє¢30° = 2/√3
ѕє¢45° = √2
ѕє¢60° = 2
ѕє¢90° = ∞
¢σѕє¢ ιѕ σρρσѕιтє σƒ ѕє¢
2ѕιηα¢σѕв=ѕιη(α+в)+ѕιη(α-в)
2¢σѕαѕιηв=ѕιη(α+в)-ѕιη(α-в)
2¢σѕα¢σѕв=¢σѕ(α+в)+¢σѕ(α-в)
2ѕιηαѕιηв=¢σѕ(α-в)-¢σѕ(α+в)
ѕιη(α+в)=ѕιηα ¢σѕв+ ¢σѕα ѕιηв.
» ¢σѕ(α+в)=¢σѕα ¢σѕв - ѕιηα ѕιηв.
» ѕιη(α-в)=ѕιηα¢σѕв-¢σѕαѕιηв.
» ¢σѕ(α-в)=¢σѕα¢σѕв+ѕιηαѕιηв.
» тαη(α+в)= (тαηα + тαηв)/ (1−тαηαтαηв)
» тαη(α−в)= (тαηα − тαηв) / (1+ тαηαтαηв)
» ¢σт(α+в)= (¢σтα¢σтв −1) / (¢σтα + ¢σтв)
» ¢σт(α−в)= (¢σтα¢σтв + 1) / (¢σтв− ¢σтα)
» ѕιη(α+в)=ѕιηα ¢σѕв+ ¢σѕα ѕιηв.
» ¢σѕ(α+в)=¢σѕα ¢σѕв +ѕιηα ѕιηв.
» ѕιη(α-в)=ѕιηα¢σѕв-¢σѕαѕιηв.
» ¢σѕ(α-в)=¢σѕα¢σѕв+ѕιηαѕιηв.
» тαη(α+в)= (тαηα + тαηв)/ (1−тαηαтαηв)
» тαη(α−в)= (тαηα − тαηв) / (1+ тαηαтαηв)
» ¢σт(α+в)= (¢σтα¢σтв −1) / (¢σтα + ¢σтв)
» ¢σт(α−в)= (¢σтα¢σтв + 1) / (¢σтв− ¢σтα)
α/ѕιηα = в/ѕιηв = ¢/ѕιη¢ = 2я
» α = в ¢σѕ¢ + ¢ ¢σѕв
» в = α ¢σѕ¢ + ¢ ¢σѕα
» ¢ = α ¢σѕв + в ¢σѕα
» ¢σѕα = (в² + ¢²− α²) / 2в¢
» ¢σѕв = (¢² + α²− в²) / 2¢α
» ¢σѕ¢ = (α² + в²− ¢²) / 2¢α
» Δ = αв¢/4я
» ѕιηΘ = 0 тнєη,Θ = ηΠ
» ѕιηΘ = 1 тнєη,Θ = (4η + 1)Π/2
» ѕιηΘ =−1 тнєη,Θ = (4η− 1)Π/2
» ѕιηΘ = ѕιηα тнєη,Θ = ηΠ (−1)^ηα

1. ѕιη2α = 2ѕιηα¢σѕα
2. ¢σѕ2α = ¢σѕ²α − ѕιη²α
3. ¢σѕ2α = 2¢σѕ²α − 1
4. ¢σѕ2α = 1 − ѕιη²α
5. 2ѕιη²α = 1 − ¢σѕ2α
6. 1 + ѕιη2α = (ѕιηα + ¢σѕα)²
7. 1 − ѕιη2α = (ѕιηα − ¢σѕα)²
8. тαη2α = 2тαηα / (1 − тαη²α)
9. ѕιη2α = 2тαηα / (1 + тαη²α)
10. ¢σѕ2α = (1 − тαη²α) / (1 + тαη²α)
11. 4ѕιη³α = 3ѕιηα − ѕιη3α
12. 4¢σѕ³α = 3¢σѕα + ¢σѕ3α
🍄🍄🍄🍄🍄
» ѕιη²Θ+¢σѕ²Θ=1
» ѕє¢²Θ-тαη²Θ=1
» ¢σѕє¢²Θ-¢σт²Θ=1
» ѕιηΘ=1/¢σѕє¢Θ
» ¢σѕє¢Θ=1/ѕιηΘ
» ¢σѕΘ=1/ѕє¢Θ
» ѕє¢Θ=1/¢σѕΘ
» тαηΘ=1/¢σтΘ
» ¢σтΘ=1/тαηΘ
» тαηΘ=ѕιηΘ/¢σѕΘ

Daily GK Update 25th and 26th June 2017

1. International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking: 26 June

i. By resolution 42/112 of 7 December 1987, the General Assembly decided to observe 26 June as the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit.
ii. The theme for 2017 is- "Listen First - Listening to children and youth is the first step to help them grow healthy and safe."

Important Takeaways from Above-

• Antonio Guterres is the ninth United Nations Secretary-General.
• UN Headquarters in New York, The USA.

2. India, Portugal sign 11 MoUs across various fields

i. India and Portugal have signed eleven MOUs for cooperation in areas including double taxation avoidance, science and technology, trade and investment, nanotechnology, space research, administrative reforms and culture.
ii. 11 MoU's were exchanged in the meeting and there was the announcement of the launch of a joint science fund for which both India and Portugal will contribute Euros two million each. 5 of the MoU's were in the area of science and technology.

Important Takeaways from the above News:

• Lisbon is Capital city of Portugal.
• The currency of Portugal is Euro.
• Antonio Guterres is Secretary-General of the United Nations and former Prime Minister of Portugal.
• Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa is present president of Portugal.
• Antonia Costa is present Prime Minister of Portugal.

3. Manushi Chhillar from Haryana wins the title of Miss India 2017

i. The 54th Femina Miss India World 2017 winner is Manushi Chhillar from Haryana, while the first runner-up is Sana Dua from Jammu and Kashmir and the second runner-up is Priyanka Kumari from Bihar.

ii. The event was held at Yash Raj Studios in Mumbai. This is the first time the participants wore an Indian dress at the finale designed by Manish Malhotra. The show was hosted by Karan Johar and Riteish Deshmukh. Besides,

Important Takeaways from News-

• Reita Faria was the first Miss India ever to win any international beauty pageant.
• Miss World 2016 was Stephanie Del Valle.

4. Doon girl Bhumika Sharma wins Miss World title in bodybuilding championship

i. Bhumika Sharma, another Indian has become Miss World in bodybuilding championship.

ii. Dehradun’s girl gained maximum points in three categories – individual posing, body posing and fall in that eventually bagged her the Miss World title and the gold medal at the world championship in Venice, Italy. The championship drew 50 competitors from different countries.

5. Aadhaar not valid for travel to Nepal, Bhutan: Home ministry

i. Aadhaar is not a valid identification document for Indians traveling to Nepal and Bhutan, according to the Union home ministry. Indians can travel to Nepal and Bhutan- both countries for which they don't need visas - if they possess a valid national passport or election ID card issued by the Election Commission.

ii. Moreover, to ease travel, persons over 65 and below 15 years can show documents with photographs to confirm their age and identity. These include PAN card, driving licence, Central Government Health Service (CGHS) card and ration card but not Aadhaar. The move is aimed at ensuring hassle-free movement of Indians going abroad. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Nepal shares borders with 5 Indian states- Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. 
• Bhutan shares borders with 4 Indian States- Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal.

6. IDFC Bank elevates Sunil Kakar as MD and CEO for 3 Years

i. IDFC Ltd announced the elevation of its CFO Sunil Kakar as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the company with effect from July 16 for three years.
ii. Mr. Kakar has also been appointed as additional director. Both the appointments are subject to shareholders' approval at the annual general meeting (AGM).

iii. Besides, the company announced that the Board has approved the resignation of veteran banker Vikram Limaye from the post of MD and CEO who is set to join leading stock exchange NSE as its new Managing Director and CEO. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Vikram Limaye is a member of a panel appointed by the Supreme Court to administer the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). 
• Headquarter of IDFC Bank is in Mumbai.

7. Team India create world record for most 300-plus scores in ODIs

i. India became the team to score the most 300-plus totals in One Day International (ODI) Cricket. India did so when they scored a total of 310 for the loss of five wickets in the second ODI against West Indies.

ii. It was the 96th time that India crossed the 300-run mark, surpassing Australia’s 95.

iii. The other teams posted 300+ scores in ODIs as follows: Australia 95, South Africa 77, Pakistan 68, Sri Lanka 62, England 57 and New Zealand 51.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket.
• Chairperson of ICC is Mr. Shashank Manohar.
• ICC Headquarters in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

8. Ankush claims gold, Devendro gets silver at Mongolia boxing tournament

i. The fast-rising Ankush Dahiya (60kg) clinched a gold while the experienced L Devendro Singh (52kg) settled for a silver medal on the final day of the Ulaanbaatar Cup boxing tournament in Mongolia.

ii. The 19-year-old Ankush, who is a former Asian youth silver-medalist, defeated Korean Man Choe Chol in a split verdict, while Devendro lost to Indonesia's Aldoms Suguro, again a split decision. India thus signed off with a gold, a silver and three bronze medals from the tournament.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Ulaanbaatar is the Capital of Mongolia. 
• Its currency is Mongolian togrog.

9. Anish Bhanwala set a junior world record at World Championship

i. Haryana's Anish Bhanwala gave a robust start for the Indian challenge by clinching the 25-metre standard pistol gold with a world junior record in the Junior World Shooting Championship in Suhl, Germany.
ii. The 14-year-old Anish shot 579 to win the gold seven points ahead of Florian Peter of Germany. In the process, Anish also bettered the junior world record of 574 set by Denis Koulakov of Russia in Lahti, Finland, in 2002.

10. Kidambi Srikanth wins Australia Open Super Series

i. In Badminton, ace Indian shuttler Kidambi Srikanth has lifted the Australian Open Superseries trophy in Sydney. In the summit clash, 11th world ranked Srikanth stunned former world number one and Rio Olympics Gold medalist Chen Long of China in straight games, 22-20, 21-16.
ii.  It was Srikanth's first victory over the Chinese in 6 matches.

iii. The trophy is Srikanth's second this season and fourth overall. He had won the Indonesian Open last week.

11. Naidu launches book titled ‘The Emergency-Indian Democracy’s Darkest Hour'

i. Venkaiah Naidu has launched the book which titled 'The Emergency - Indian Democracy’s Darkest Hour'.

ii. A book is written by Surya Prakash who is a chairman of Prasar Bharati.
iii. The book was launched at a conference to mark the anniversary of the Emergency and to honor all those who fought for the restoration of democracy in the country in the mid-1970s.

Important Takeaways From Above News-

• 25 June marks the anniversary of Indian Emergency.

*అర్థమేటిక్ (క్యాలెండర్)*

*అర్థమేటిక్ (క్యాలెండర్)*
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
*ఏదైనా సాదారణ సంవత్సరంలో మొత్తం 365 రోజులు ఉండును.
52 వారాలు+1రోజు అదనపు రోజు
*ఏదైనా ఒక లీపు సంవత్సరంలో 366 రోజులు ఉండును.
52 వారాలు+2 అదనపు రోజులు
*యివ్వబడిన సంవత్సరం లీపు సంవత్సరం కావలెనన్న ఆ సంవత్సరంలోని చివరి 2 సంఖ్యలు 4 చె భాగించబడవలెను.కాని శతాబ్ధంతో మొదలయ్యే సంఖ్య వచ్చిన 400 చే భాగించబడవలెను .
ఉదా: 1856, 1992,200,1600
*ఒక నెలలో 28/29/30/31 రోజులు ఉండును
*క్యాలెండర్ లోని మొదటి తేది జనవరి1 ఒకటవ శతాబ్ధం సోమవారం తో ప్రారంభం అయ్యింది.
*B.C అనగా(క్రీ.పూర్వం ).
*A.D అనగా (క్రీ.శకం)
*28 రోజులు కలిగిన నెలలో 4 వారాలు 0 అదనపు రోజులు ఉండును.
*29 రోజులు కలిగిన నెలలో 4 వారాలు 1 అదనపు రోజులు ఉండును.
*30రోజులు కలిగిన నెలలో 4 వారాలు 2 అదనపు రోజులు ఉండును.
*31 రోజులు కలిగిన నెలలో 4 వారాలు 3 అదనపు రోజులు ఉండును.
అదనపు రోజులు: ఇచ్చిన రోజులని 7 చే భాగించినపుడు వచు శేషమే అదనపు రోజులు.
ఉదా: 45 రోజులకు 3 అదనపు రోజులు ఉండును
odd days(అదనపు రోజులు) :0,1,2,3,4,5,6 వరకు ఉండును
వారాలకు కోడులు:
ఆదివారం - 0
సోమవారం - 1
మంగళవారం - 2
బుదవారం - 3
గురువారం - 4
శుక్రవారం - 5
శనివారం - 6
తరువాత అంటే ± రాయాలి
క్రితం అంటే - రాయాలి
నెలలకు కోడులు :
జనవరి- 0
ఫిబ్రవరి - 3
మార్చి- 3
ఏప్రియల్ - 6
మే - 1
జూన్ - 4
జులై - 6
ఆగష్టు - 2
సెప్టెంబర్ - 5
అక్టొబర్ - 0
నవంబర్ - 3
డిసెంబర్ - 5
శతాబ్ధపు కొడ్స్ :
1500 నుండి 1599 వరకు -0
1600 నుండి 1699 వరకు -6
1700 నుండి 1799 వరకు -4
1800 నుండి 1899 వరకు -2
1900 నుండి 1999 వరకు -0
2000 నుండి 2099 వరకు -6
2100 నుండి 2199 వరకు -4...

Q. 07-03-2017 నాడు ఏమి వారం?

A. సూత్రం :తేది+సం.పు చివరి రెండు అంకెలు +నెల కోడ్+శతాబ్ధం కోడ్+(సం.పు చివరి రెండు అంకెలు4 చెస్తే వచ్చు బాగఫలం)7చేయగా వచ్చు శేషమే జవాబు
07+17+3+6+4(174లభ.ఫ)7 = 377 ల యొక్క శేషం = 2
2 అంటే మంగళవారం

Q. 10-05-1990 నాడు ఏమి వారం?

A. 10+90+1+0+227 ల యొక్క శేషం =4
4 అంటే గురువారం

Q. నేడు సోమవారము అయినా 32 రోజుల తరువాత ఏ వారం వచ్చును?

A. నేడు ---> సోమవారము (1)
32 ----> 327 అదనపు రోజులు 4 = 4+1=5
5 అనగా శుక్రవారం

Q.నేడు మంగళవారం అయినా 57 రోజుల తరువాత ఏ వారం వాచ్చును?

A. నేడు ---> మంగళ(2)
57 --->577 అదనపు రోజులు 1 = 1+2= 3
3 అనగా బుధవారము

Q. నేడు శనివారము అయినా 73 రోజుల క్రితం ఏ వారం అగును?

A. నేడు ---> శనివారము = 6
73 --->737 అదనపు రోజులు 3 = 3-6= 3(క్రితం అంటే - చెయ్యాలి)
3 అనగా బుధవారము

Q. నేడు శుక్రవారము అయినా 89 రోజుల క్రితం ఏ వారం అగును?

A. నేడు --->శుక్రవారము=5
89 --->897 అదనపు రోజులు 5 = 5-5= 0
0 అనగా ఆదివారము

Q. ఏప్రియల్ 3,2012 సోమవారము అయినచో అదే సంవత్సరంలో ఆగష్టు 1 ఏ వారము అగును?

A. సోమవారము = 1
ఏప్రి--27
మే --31
జూన్ --30
జులై --31
ఆగష్టు --1 మొత్తం కూడగా 120 రోజులు
1207 అదనపు రోజులు = 1 రోజు
1+1 =2 అనగా మంగళవారము

Q. డిసెంబర్ 5,2012 నాడు శనివారము అయినా సెప్టెంబర్15,2012 న ఏమి వారము?

A. శనివారము = 6
సెప్టెంబర్ ---15
అక్టొబర్ ----31
నవంబర్ ---30
డిసెంబర్ ---5 మొత్తం 817 = 4-6= 2 మంగళవారము

Q. 2096 వ సంవత్సరము తరువాత వచ్చు లీపు సంవత్సరము ఏది?

A. లీపు సంవత్సరము వచ్చేవరకు 4 ను కుడుతూపోవాలి
2096+4 = 2100 ఇది శతాబ్దిక సంవత్సరము కావున 400 చే బాగించబడాలి కావున ఇది లీపు సంవత్సరము కాదు
2100+4 =2104 ఇది లీపు సంవత్సరం

Q. 2196 తరువాత వచ్చు లీపు సంవత్సరము ఏది?

A. 2196+4 = 2200 లీపు సంవత్సరం కాదు
2200+4 = 2204 లీపు సంవత్సరము

Q. 1996 తరువాత వచ్చు లీపు సంవత్సరము ఏది?

A.1996+4 = 2000 లీపు సంవత్సరం

Q. జనవరి 20,2016 గురువారము అయినచో జనువరి 20,2017 ఏవారము అగును?

A. గురువారము = 4
2016 లీపు సంవత్సరము కావున 2 అదనపు రోజులు వుంటాయి
2+4 = 6 అంటే శనివారము అగును

Q. ఆగష్టు 15,2004 బుధవారం అయినచో ఆగష్టు 15,2009 ఏవారము అగును?

A. బుధవారం = 3
ఆగష్టు 15,2004
ఆగష్టు 15,2009
మొత్తం 6 అదనపు (2008 లీపు సం..)రోజులు + 3 = 97 = 2 అంటే మంగళవారము

Q. ఒక సంవత్సరంలో ఏప్రియల్ నెలను పోలిన నెల ఏది ?

A. అప్రియల్ - 2 అదనపు రోజులు
మే - 3 అదనపు రోజులు
జూన్ - 2 అదనపు రోజులు
మొత్తం 7 అదనపు రోజులు కావున జులై నెల ఏప్రియల్ నెలను పోలి వుంటుంది

Q. ఒక సంవత్సరంలోమార్చ్ నెలను పోలిన నెల ఏది ?

A. మర్చ్ - 3
ఏప్రియల్ --2
మే --3
జూన్ -- 2
జులై --3
అగష్టు --3
సెప్టెంబరు -2
అక్టోబరు - 3
మొత్తం అదనపు రోజులు 21
217 కావున నవంబరు నెల మార్చ్ నెలను పోలి వుంటుంది.

Q.2005 ను పోలిన సంవత్సరము?

A. 2005-1
2006-1
2007-1
2008-2
2009-1
2010-1 మొత్తం 7 అదనపు రోజులు కావున 2011 సంవత్సరము 2005 ను పోలిన సంవత్సరము

Q.1987 ను పోలిన సంవత్సరము 1987 తర్వాత ఏప్పుడు వచ్చును?

A. 1987-1
1988-2
1989-1
1990-1
1991-1
1992-2
1993-1
1994-1
1995-1
1996-2
1997-1
మొత్తం 14 అదనపు రోజులు కావున 1998 సం.1987సం.ను పోలివుండును.
            🍃🌷🤗🌷🍃

General Knowledge

🏹 కరెంట్ఎఫైర్స్🏆

1. గాంబియా యొక్క కొత్త అధ్యక్షుడిగా ప్రమాణస్వీకారం చేసింది ఎవరు ?--------------అధమ బార్రౌ.

2. ఔషధ మరియు భారతదేశం యొక్క సుగంధ మొక్కల ఇంటర్నేషనల్ సింపోసియం ఏ  నగరంలో జరుగుతుంది?----------------------న్యూ ఢిల్లీ .

3. "ది స్టోరీ అఫ్ ఎస్కేప్ " అనే పుస్తక రచయిత ఎవరు ?---------------------సుర్జీత్ సింగ్ బార్నాల .

4. భారతదేశం యొక్క 2017 రిపబ్లిక్ డే ముఖ్య అతిథి ఎవరు ?-------------మొహమ్మద్ బిన్ జాయెద్ అల్ నహ్యాన్.

5. ఏ జట్టు 2017 ప్రో రెజ్లింగ్ లీగ్ గెలుచుకుంది ?-------------------పంజాబ్ రాయల్స్ .

6. ప్రపంచ బ్యాంకు త్రిపుర పవర్ అభివృద్ధి ప్రాజెక్టుకు ఎంత మొత్తం మంజూరు చేసింది ?--------------------1376 కోట్లు.

7. నేషనల్ ఓటర్స్ డే ని ఎప్పుడు జరుపుకుంటారు ?---------------జనవరి 25.

8. 2017 కంబైన్డ్ కమాండర్స్ 'కాన్ఫరెన్స్  భారతదేశం లో ఏ రాష్ట్రము లో  జరుపబడుతోంది?----------------------ఉత్తరాఖండ్.

9. "60 ఇండియన్ పోయెట్స్" అనే  పుస్తక రచయిత ఎవరు ?--------------జీత్ తయిల్.

10. యుద్ధనౌకల లో  ఏ బోర్డు ఎటిఎం కలిగి భారతదేశం యొక్క మొట్టమొదటి యుద్ధనౌక మారింది?--------------------ఐన్ఎస్ విక్రమాదిత్య.

General Knowledge Important Bits,

🌺🍇🍇🌺

*1) పరిమాణం మాత్రమే ఉండి దిశపై ఆధారపడని భౌతక రాశులను ఏమని అంటారు?*

*జ: ఆదిశ రాశులు*

*2) పాద రసం సాంద్రత ఎంత?*

*జ: 13.6 గ్రా / సెం.మీ.*

*3) మనిషి శరీరంలో ఉష్ణోగ్రతలను కొలవడానికి ఉపయోగించే థర్మామీటర్ ను ఏమంటారు ?*

*జ: క్లినికల్ థర్మామీటర్*

*3) ఏదైనా భౌతిక రాశిని పూర్తిగా వర్ణించడానికి దిశ పరిమాణం రెండూ అవసరమైతే దానిని ఏమని అంటారు?*

*జ: సదిశరాశి*

*4) వస్తువు స్దానంలో నిర్ణీత దిశలో వచ్చే మార్పును ఏమంటారు ?*

*జ: స్దానభ్రంశం*

*5) పైకి విసిరిన వస్తువు కిందకి పడేటప్పుడు అది పొందే త్వరణాన్ని ఏమని అంటారు?*

*జ: గురుత్వరణం*

*6) నిట్ట నిలువుగా విసిరిన రాయి గరిష్ట ఎత్తుకు చేరుకున్నప్పుడు దాని వేగం ఎంత ఉంటుంది ?*

*జ: శూన్యం*

*7) వస్తువు గరిష్ట ఎత్తుని చేరడానికి పట్టే కాలాన్ని ఏమని అంటారు?*

*జ: ఆరోహణ కాలం*

*8) స్వేచ్చా పతన వస్తువు భూమిని చేరడానికి పట్టే కాలాన్ని ఏమంటారు?*

*జ: అవరోహణ కాలం*

*9) తడి టవల్ ను దులిపితే అందులో నుంచి నీటి బిందువులు బయటకు వస్తాయి. అందుకు కారణమేంటి ?*

*జ: జడత్వం*

*10) బనానా ఆయిల్ దేని నుంచి తయారు చేస్తారు ?*

*జ: పెట్రోలియం*

*11) బ్యాటరీలో శక్తి ఏ రూపంలో ఉంటుంది ?*

*జ: రసాయన శక్తి*

*12) థర్మామీటర్ ను మొదట రూపొందించింది ఎవరు ?*

*జ: గెలీలియో గెలిలీ*

Eid MUBARAK

General Knowledge

☔గోదావరి నది - Godavari river⛱

- గోదావరి నది జన్మస్థానం-- నాసిక్.

- గోదావరి నది తెలంగాణలో ప్రవేశించు స్థలం-- బాసర.

- దేశంలోని పెద్ద నదులలో గోదావరి నది స్థానం-- రెండవది (దక్షిణ భారతదేశంలో పెద్దది).

- గోదావరి అంటే అర్థం-- అఖండ జలరాశి.

- గోదావరి జల వివాదాల ట్రిబ్యునల్ ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ఏర్పాటైంది-- 1969.

- పుష్కరాలు జరుపుకొనే గోదావరి నది యొక్క ఉపనది-- ప్రాణహిత నది.

- నిజామాబాదు జిల్లాలో గోదావరి నదిపై ఉన్న ప్రాజెక్టు-- శ్రీరాంసాగర్ ప్రాజెక్టు.

- గోదావరి నది తెలంగాణ మరియు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్‌లో ప్రవహించు దూరం-- 770 కిలోమీటర్లు.

- పశ్చిమ గోదావరి జిల్లాలో గోదావరి నదిపై నిర్మించనున్న ప్రాజెక్టు-- పోలవరం ప్రాజెక్టు.

- గోదావరి నది ముఖద్వారంగా పిలువబడు నగరం-- రాజమండ్రి.

New Pattern English

Directions (1-10): In each of the following questions, a paragraph with a blank is given. From the five choices given below, select the sentence which can go into the blank to make the paragraph logically coherent.

Q1. Srinagar is the capital of Kashmir. There are very beautiful scenes all round. The Dal Lake is one among them. [__________] We can hire one of them and voyage along the length and breadth of the lake or live in it for a week or so.

(a) There are several guides to take us round.
(b)There we can see a number of house boats waiting to be hired by the tourists.
(c)It is difficult to count them.
(d)It was dark inside and bright outside.
(e) There are several tourists looking around the place.


Q2.Polio-affected children are found everywhere in India. Recently the Government has started Polio-eradication Scheme. [__________] Unless we take care to co-operate the purpose cannot be fulfilled.

(a) We must help children to take the proper vaccine.
(b) We must take the children to get vaccinated.
(c) Children must remain without any movement.
(d) We must make children exercise.
(e) We need experts to undertake such projects.


Q3. Many film-stars have recently migrated to the area of television. [__________] As the viewers increase their popularity also increases. T.V serials appear to be more paying than the feature films.

(a) Television gives a better chance of action.
(b) There they have a greater number of viewers.
(c) Television is a house hold affair.
(d) If we do not like a TV program we can turn it off. 
(e) Television is useful in many ways.


Q4. Man is trying to find out modern means of producing electric power. The solar panel is one of them. [__________] This electricity can light lamps, turn fans or work small household appliances.

(a) It is very cheap and affordable.
(b) We ourselves can make one such device.
(c) It converts sunlight into electricity.
(d) It is easy to work and beautiful to look at.
(e) Electricity is a good substitute for sunlight.


Q5. Air-pollution is one of the gravest problems faced by city-dwellers. Foul gas liberated from heaps of waste matter is one source of pollution. [__________] Recently the Government has made arrangements to measure it. If it is above the allowable limit the vehicles are prohibited from plying along the public roads.

(a) Another source is the smoke emitted by vehicles.
(b) Foul water in the channels is another. 
(c) The smell from toddy shops pollutes the air.
(d) Open drainage pollutes the air.
(e) People suffer due to smoke emitted by vehicles.


Q6. Corruption has become rampant in India. Corrupt officials and politicians are ruling over the hapless common man. [__________] People must join together and force them to take necessary legal action.

(a) Politicians with integrity simply withdraw from the scene.
(b) Such officials are welcomed by the general public.
(c) Even police authorities are reluctant to face them.
(d) They do it with the connivance of topmost authorities.
(e) Corruption is the breeding ground for all evils.


Q7. Feature films have a very great influence upon the common people. They have no hesitation in regarding actors as gods. [__________] They must utilize this love and regards to serve the people, not to exploit them.

(a) Gods are expected to protect the devotees.
(b) Though they are gods they are human enough to err.
(c) Gods never walk on earth or collect money.
(d) Some people are ready even to die for them.
(e) Actors are viewed as gods.


Q8. Most of us fall victim to some sort of disease or the other. We can avoid diseases by leading a hygienic life. It is better to bear in mind a simple truth. [__________] The consciousness of this truth will lead us to happiness.

(a) It is impossible to have constant health.
(b) Hygienic life is less costly than medical treatment.
(c) Man is mortal and likely to die at any moment.
(d) Happiness is always evasive.
(e) Health needs good care as we may fall victim to some sort of disease.


Q9. A doctor has succeeded in raising a variety of monkeys similar to human beings. They clean their teeth with brushes and mop their face with towels. [__________] In that case these animals may be called monkey – man and we may be called man – monkeys. 

(a) Perhaps they may learn and use human language.
(b) Sometimes they may die after a few days.
(c) The method adopted by the doctor is wonderful.
(d) We can expect a lot of change in the case of other animals also.
(e) Monkeys are good subjects unlike human beings.


Q10. It is wonderful how a word can acquire diagonally opposite meaning. Gandhiji called the socially downcast people by the name Harijans. [__________] But now the Harijans themselves feel that it is a word of insult.

(a) Gandhiji was a social reformer.
(b) Gandhiji had many Harijan friends.
(c) Gandhiji expected to bring them respect by calling them the children of God.
(d) Harijans have risen to such a high position that they feel their brand name ‘Harijan’ to be degrading.
(e) Only Harijans are children of God.

Directions (11-15): Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.


Q11. Lower winter temperatures were common in Europe during the second half of the 17th century, famously allowing frost fairs to be held on the frozen Thames in London before riverine developments increased the flow rate. These cold winters coincided with the Maunder minimum in solar activity when the Sun remained virtually free of sunspots for almost 50 years. However, establishing that this was not just a chance occurrence requires that the relationship continue to hold over a long interval, such that cold European winters become less frequent when solar activity is high and then more common again when solar activity falls. Various indicators show that during the recent minimum of the 11 year sunspot cycle, the Sun has been quieter than at any time in the previous 90 years.

(a) This means that solar activity during the current sunspot minimum has fallen to levels unknown since the start of the 20th century.
(b) This yields an opportunity for a better test of the relationship between solar activity and cold European winters.
(c) This proves that cold winters occur more commonly in the UK during low solar activity.
(d) This regional and seasonal effect relating to European winters may have a global effect.
(e) None of the above


Q12. Debt is more common in families with disabled children: the parents were unable to keep up with any local property taxes, water, and telephone bills, and were not likely to be able to afford basic items such as a family holiday once a year,a bicycle, or even two pairs of shoes. A disabled baby needs more nappies. Families’ ability to work grows difficult, and finding childcare is a real burden. Households with disabled childrenwill depend more on social security benefits and are faced with the additional financial costs associated with caring for a disabled child.

(a) There is a strong link between child disability and poverty.
(b) The highest prevalence of childhood disability is found in the poorest families.
(c) It is an adverse and serious social gradient that families with disabled face.
(d) But thanks to science, these children live longer and medicines keep them alive.
(e) None of the above


Q13. What a super film experience Green Zone is! From the firecracker opening to the sucker-punch climax, the film is a non-stop adrenalin rush. The hand-held camera and natural light make you feel as if you are seeing the action from the front, as if you have access to footage shot from a sniper’s sights. Whether it is a Bourne-in-Baghdad kind of relentless action thriller or a strong statement against the U.S. war in Iraq, (incidentally, it is both) Green Zone succeeds as a pure cinema, delivering thrills, spills and chills in breathless succession hardly giving anyone time to breathe.

(a) This is a movie that takes you on a thrilling, provocative, exhilarating ride.
(b) There is really nothing more you could ask for from a movie.
(c) Green Zone effectively knits several strands together to make a cohesive whole.
(d) The plot is taut and truthful.
(e) None of the above


Q14. Talented youth can ill-afford to resign to their fate just because they can’t properly communicate in English. They should confront the challenges which should, in fact, bring out their best. A little confidence and hard work are all that is needed for them to climb up the career ladder. For that they need to develop communication skills in English, shape up their personalities and acquire the much-needed knowledge.

(a) Knowledge and communication skills are the key ingredients that make up the recipe for success.
(b) Students have to act as leaders in the college itself.
(c) Success will automatically follow.
(d) Speaking and writing in English are important, thinking in English is twice as important.
(e) None of the above


Q15. Philosophy of music has been dominated by the view that the best music is autonomous and formally complex. As recently as 1990, philosophy of popular music consisted of variations on a single theme. Philosophers defended the twin assumptions that popular music is essentially different from “serious” or art music, and that the former is aesthetically inferior to the latter.

(a) As a result, music could not be regarded as art if it lacked genius and autonomy.
(b) As a result, popular music competes with and replaces local and regional folk traditions.
(c) As a result, most philosophers concentrated on identifying the aesthetic deficiencies inherent in popular music.
(d) As a result, philosophers have investigated popular music by identifying and critiquing key concepts that shape our response to this music.
(e) None of the above

Solutions

S1. Ans.(b) 

Sol. There we can see a number of house boats waiting to be hired by the tourists. This sentence is the continuation of the idea expressed in the first sentence. 

S2. Ans.(b) 

Sol. We must take the children to get vaccinated.

S3. Ans.(b) 

Sol. There they have a greater number of viewers. The next sentence also talks about the viewers. 

S4. Ans.(c) 

Sol. It converts sunlight into electricity. 

S5. Ans.(a) 

Sol. Another source is the smoke emitted by vehicles. In previous sentence, first source is talked about.

S6. Ans.(c) 

Sol. Even police authorities are reluctant to face them.

S7. Ans.(d) 

Sol. Some people are ready even to die for them. 

S8. Ans.(b) 

Sol. Hygienic life is less costly than medical treatment.

S9. Ans.(a) 

Sol. Perhaps they may learn and use human language.

S10. Ans.(c) 

Sol.  Gandhiji expected to bring them respect by calling them the children of God.

S11. Ans.(b)

Sol. “...establishing that this was not just a chance occurrence requires that the relationship continue to hold over a long interval...” is the crux of the paragraph. Hence the sun being “quiet” is an opportunity to find this correlation. Options (C) and (D) can be very easily eliminated as not related to the purpose of the paragraph. Option (A) is true, is an inference not related to the purpose of the paragraph.

S12. Ans.(c)

Sol. This statement is a very low level inference that logically closes the paragraph. The paragraph is not sufficient to establish the link as in option (A). Option (B) goes farther away from the paragraph. Option (D) is unrelated to the purpose of the paragraph.

S13. Ans.(b)

Sol. All options may appear correct. The scoring option, however, has to close the paragraph, andnot merely continue it. Option (A) will be repetitive. Options (C) and (D) will continue the paragraph.

S14. Ans.(c)

Sol. The purpose of the paragraph is in the first sentence - “can ill-afford to resign to their fate.” Option (A) is already clearly stated-it just states the same thing in different words. Option (B) takes off on a tangent and brings in leadership; option (D) also does not close the paragraph. Option (C) just does that-the paragraph has no loose ends.

S15. Ans.(c)

Sol. The purpose of the paragraph is: Philosophers consider popular and serious music different. The former lacks complexity and autonomy, the later is variations on a single them-and that popular music is inferior. “As a result” will discuss its direct consequences and close the paragraph. Hence option (C) scores. Option (A) is stated. Option (B) is irrelevant in “replace” and “folk music”. Option (D) is irrelevant in “our response.”