Computer Terms & Abbreviations

Terms	Full Forms	Definitions
JAR	Java Archive.	JAR is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution.
J2EE	Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition.	J2EE is a platform-independent, Java-centric environment from Sun for developing, building and deploying Web-based enterprise applications online.
JAD	Java Application Descriptor/Development.	JAD files describe the MIDlets (Java ME applications) that are distributed as JAR files. JAD files are commonly used to package Java applications or games that can be downloaded to mobile phones.
JPEG	Joint Photographic Expert Group.	JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.
JS	JavaScript.	JS is a full-fledged dynamic programming language that, when applied to an HTML document, can provide dynamic interactivity on websites.
JSP	Java Server Page.	JSP is a technology that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, or other document types.
KB	KILOBYTE	1 KB = 1000 Byte
KBD	KeyBoard	–
Kbps	Kilobits/Kilobytes Per Second	KBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
LAN	Local Area Network	LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display	LCD is the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology.
LED	Light Emitting Diode	LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.
LLL	Low Level Language	LLL is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture-commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions.
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network	MAN is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).
MB	Motherboard	MB is the main printed circuit board (PCB) that holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
MBPS	Megabits/Megabytes Per Second	MBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
MHz	Mega Hertz	MHz is a clock frequency, also known as a clock rate or clock speed, representing a cycle of time. An oscillator circuit supplies a small amount of electricity to a crystal each second that is measured in KHz, MHz, or GHz.
MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second	MIPS is a measure of a computer’s processor speed. Many reported IPS values have represented “peak” execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values.
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions	MIME is an Internet standard that extends the format of email
MICR	Magnetic Ink Character Recognition	MICR is a technology which allows machines to read and process cheques enabling thousands of cheque transactions in a short time. MICR code is usually a nine digit code comprising of some important information about the transaction and the bank.
MPEG	Motion Picture Experts Group	MPEG is a working group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.
Mp3	MPEG Audio Layer 3.	Mp3 is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression, which are data encoding methods that use inexact approximations and partial data discarding to reduce file sizes significantly, typically by a factor of 10, in comparison with a CD, yet still sound like the original uncompressed audio to most listeners.
Mp4	MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding)	Mp4 is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based video compression standard.
NAT	Network Address Translation	NAT is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in Internet Protocol (IP) datagram packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
NIC	Network Interface Card	NIC is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
NIIT	National Institute of Information Technology	–
NTP	Network Time Protocol	NTP is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
NTFS	New Technology File System	NTFS is the file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing and retrieving files on a hard disk.
OMR	Optical Mark Reader/Recognition	OMR is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.
OOP	Object Oriented Programming.	OOP is a programming language model organized around objects rather than “actions” and data rather than logic.