Computer Terms & Abbreviations

Terms	Full Forms	Definitions
OS	Operating System	OS is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
OPEN GL	Open Graphics Library	OPEN GL is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics.
OSI	Open Systems Interconnection	OSI is an effort to standardize computer networking that was started in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), along with the ITU-T.
PC	Personal Computer	PC is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
PPPoA	Point to Point Protocol Over ATM	PPPoA is a layer 2 data-link protocol typically used to connect domestic broadband modems to ISPs via phone lines. It is used mainly with DOCSIS and DSL carriers, by encapsulating PPP frames in AAL5.
PPPoE	Point to Point Protocol Over Ethernet	PPPoE is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It is used mainly with DSL services where individual users connect to a DSL modem over Ethernet.
PDF	Portable Document Format	PDF is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
PHP	Hypertext Preprocessor	PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
PB	PETA BYTE	1 PB = 106 GB
PiB	PEBI BYTE	1 PiB = 1.125 PB
PNG	Portable Network Graphics	PNG is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was created as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
PNP	Plug and Play	PNP is one with a specification that facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system without the need for physical device configuration or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.
PDA	Personal Digital Assistant	PDA is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager.
PDU	Protocol Data Unit / Power Distribution Unit	PDU is a device fitted with multiple outputs designed to distribute electric power, especially to racks of computers and networking equipment located within a data center.
PPP	Point to Point Protocol	PPP is a data link protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
PAN	Personal Area Network	PAN is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers, telephones, tablets and personal digital assistants.
PROM	Programmable Read Only Memory	PROM is a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse. It is one of the type of ROM (read-only memory)
PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect	PCI is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any particular processor’s native bus.
POST	Power On Self Test	POST is the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer’s basic input/output system runs to determine if the computer keyboard, random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.
PSU	Power Supply Unit	PSU converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.
PING	Packet Internet/Internetwork Groper	PING is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.
RAM	Random Access Memory	RAM is a form of computer data storage which stores frequently used program instructions to increase the general speed of a system.
RDBMS	Relational Data Base Management System	RDBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as invented by E. F. Codd, of IBM’s San Jose Research Laboratory.
ROM	Read Only Memory	ROM is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.
RIP	Routing Information Protocol	RIP is an abbreviation of requiescat in pace or (in English) Rest in peace, often used in epitaphs.
RPM	Revolutions Per Minute	RPM is a measure of the frequency of rotation, specifically the number of rotations around a fixed axis in one minute.
RTF	Rich Text Format	RTF is a proprietary document file format with published specification developed by Microsoft Corporation from 1987 until 2008 for cross-platform document interchange with Microsoft products.
SMPS	Switch Mode Power Supply	SMPS is an electronic circuit that converts power using switching devices that are turned on and off at high frequencies, and storage components such as inductors or capacitors to supply power when the switching device is in its non-conduction state.
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol	SMTP is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission. First defined by RFC 821 in 1982, it was last updated in 2008 with Extended SMTP additions by RFC 5321, which is the protocol in widespread use today.
SRAM	Static Random Access Memory	SRAM is random access memory (RAM) that retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied. Unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), which stores bits in cells consisting of a capacitor and a transistor, SRAM does not have to be periodically refreshed.

Computer Terms & Abbreviations

Terms	Full Forms	Definitions
JAR	Java Archive.	JAR is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution.
J2EE	Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition.	J2EE is a platform-independent, Java-centric environment from Sun for developing, building and deploying Web-based enterprise applications online.
JAD	Java Application Descriptor/Development.	JAD files describe the MIDlets (Java ME applications) that are distributed as JAR files. JAD files are commonly used to package Java applications or games that can be downloaded to mobile phones.
JPEG	Joint Photographic Expert Group.	JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.
JS	JavaScript.	JS is a full-fledged dynamic programming language that, when applied to an HTML document, can provide dynamic interactivity on websites.
JSP	Java Server Page.	JSP is a technology that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, or other document types.
KB	KILOBYTE	1 KB = 1000 Byte
KBD	KeyBoard	–
Kbps	Kilobits/Kilobytes Per Second	KBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
LAN	Local Area Network	LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display	LCD is the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology.
LED	Light Emitting Diode	LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.
LLL	Low Level Language	LLL is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture-commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions.
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network	MAN is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).
MB	Motherboard	MB is the main printed circuit board (PCB) that holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
MBPS	Megabits/Megabytes Per Second	MBPS is a measure of bandwidth (the amount of data that can flow in a given time) on a data transmission medium.
MHz	Mega Hertz	MHz is a clock frequency, also known as a clock rate or clock speed, representing a cycle of time. An oscillator circuit supplies a small amount of electricity to a crystal each second that is measured in KHz, MHz, or GHz.
MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second	MIPS is a measure of a computer’s processor speed. Many reported IPS values have represented “peak” execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values.
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions	MIME is an Internet standard that extends the format of email
MICR	Magnetic Ink Character Recognition	MICR is a technology which allows machines to read and process cheques enabling thousands of cheque transactions in a short time. MICR code is usually a nine digit code comprising of some important information about the transaction and the bank.
MPEG	Motion Picture Experts Group	MPEG is a working group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.
Mp3	MPEG Audio Layer 3.	Mp3 is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression, which are data encoding methods that use inexact approximations and partial data discarding to reduce file sizes significantly, typically by a factor of 10, in comparison with a CD, yet still sound like the original uncompressed audio to most listeners.
Mp4	MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding)	Mp4 is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based video compression standard.
NAT	Network Address Translation	NAT is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in Internet Protocol (IP) datagram packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
NIC	Network Interface Card	NIC is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
NIIT	National Institute of Information Technology	–
NTP	Network Time Protocol	NTP is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
NTFS	New Technology File System	NTFS is the file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing and retrieving files on a hard disk.
OMR	Optical Mark Reader/Recognition	OMR is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.
OOP	Object Oriented Programming.	OOP is a programming language model organized around objects rather than “actions” and data rather than logic.

Computer Terms & Abbreviations

Terms	Full Form	Definition
GUI	Graphical User Interface	GUI is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.
GBPS	Gigabytes/Gigabits Per Second	GBPS is defined as a data transfer speed measurement for high-speed networks such as Gigabit Ethernet. When used to describe data transfer rates, a gigabit equals 1,000,000,000 bits.
3GPP	3rd Generation Partnership Project	3GPP is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations. The scope of 3GPP is to make a globally applicable third-generation (3G) mobile phone system specification based on evolved Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) specifications.
GML	Geography Markup Language	GML is the XML grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to express geographical features. It serves as a modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet.
GSM	Global System for Mobile Communication	GSM is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA).
GHz	GigaHertz	GHz is a clock frequency, also known as a clock rate or clock speed, representing a cycle of time. An oscillator circuit supplies a small amount of electricity to a crystal each second that is measured in KHz, MHz, or GHz.
GIGO	Garbage In Garbage Out	GIGO refers to the fact that computers, since they operate by logical processes, will unquestioningly process flawed, even nonsensical, input data (“garbage in”) and produce undesired, often nonsensical, output (“garbage out”).
HDMI	High Definition Multimedia Interface	HDMI is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.
HTTP	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol	HTTP is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems.
HTTPS	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure	HTTPS consists of communication over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) within a connection encrypted by Transport Layer Security, or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer.
HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language	HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.
HD	Hard Disk	–
HDD	Hard Disk Drive	HDD is a data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
HPC	High Performance Computer	HPC is a computer with a high level of computing performance compared to a general-purpose computer.
HP	Hewlett Packard	HP is an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers.
HSDPA	High Speed Downlink Packet Access	HSDPA is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols.
ISO	International Organization for Standardization	ISO is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.
IMAP	Internet Message Access Protocol	IMAP is a standard email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server, but allows the end user to view and manipulate the messages as though they were stored locally on the end user’s computing device.
INTEL	Integrated Electronics	INTEL is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California that was founded by Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce.
ISP	Internet Service Provider	ISP is an organization that provides services for accessing and using the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
INFO	Information	–
IP	Internet Protocol	IP is an identifier assigned to each computer and other device (e.g., printer, router, mobile device, etc.) connected to a TCP/IP network[1] that is used to locate and identify the node in communications with other nodes on the network.
IPV4	Internet Protocol Version 4	IPV4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet, and was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983.
IPV6	Internet Protocol Version 6	IPV6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
IO	Input Output	–
IOP	Input Output Processor	IOP is a high-performance input/output (I/O) architecture that is implemented in various forms on a number of computer architectures, especially on mainframe computers.
IBM	International Business Machines	IBM is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.
IC	Integrated Circuit	IC is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, normally silicon.
ICT	Information Communication Technology	ICT is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.
IT	Information Technology	IT is the application of computers to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a subset of information and communications technology (ICT).