Sunday, 13 August 2017

Daily GK Update 13th August 2017



i. Union Minister of State for HRD Mahendra Nath Pandey has launched an Indian National Anthem video in sign language, featuring differently-abled and partially differently-abled children.

ii. Directed by filmmaker Govind Nihalani, the three-minute video features Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan along with physically challenged children performing the anthem in sign language with the Red Fort in the background. The video was also launched in Goa, Bhopal, Chandigarh and Kolhapur.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • The national anthem of India is "Jana Gana Mana" which was written by the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
  • The Anthem was first sung on 27th December 1911 in the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. 
  • The Anthem was officially accepted as the Indian National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly on 24th January 1950.
  • Dr Mahendra Nath Pandey is a Lok Sabha MP from Chandauli Constituency, Uttar Pradesh.


i. Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Thaawarchand Gehlot has inaugurated Inclusive Independence Day celebrations organized by the National Trust. Around 2500 people from all walks of life participated in the event along with 500 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. 

ii. On the occasion, Mr Gehlot administered New India Pledge "Sankalp se Siddhi" to participants. The Initiative aims to provide equal access to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, by means of Inclusive Education, Inclusive Employment and Inclusive Community Life. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Independence Day is an annual observance celebrated every year on 15th of August. 
  • 71st eve of Independence Day would be celebrated by the people all over the India on 15th of August 2017.

i. Around 3.5 lakh college students in Gujarat will get tablets at a subsidised rate of Rs 1,000 each under a state government scheme launched by chief minister Vijay Rupani in Ahmedabad. Under this scheme, the first year college students in the state will get 7-inch ‘NAMO E-Tab’ tablets, which have a market value of Rs 8,000 each, by just paying Rs 1,000.

ii. Several students, who had already registered for the scheme, received the tablets from the chief minister at the launch ceremony in Ahmedabad.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Om Prakash Kohli is Governor of Gujarat. 
  • Marine National Park is in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat. 


i. Jharkhand Assembly has passed Religious Freedom Bill 2017. It aims to stop the forced conversions in the state. The bill will now be sent to the governor, following whose approval it would go to the President for assent. 

ii. The Bill has provision for the imprisonment of three years and fine of 50,000 rupees or both, and four-year imprisonment and 1 lakh rupee fine, or both, if the person converted is a minor, woman or a member of Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • In the year 2000, Jharkhand was split from southern Bihar and was formed into another state.
  • Babulal Marandi was the first Chief Minister of Jharkhand.
  • Raghubar Das is currently Chief Minister of Jharkhand.
  • The present Governor of Jharkhand is Smt Droupadi Murmu. She is the first woman to hold this office.


i. According to the Economic Survey, India has now emerged as one of the most open economies in the world for receiving foreign direct investments (FDI), on the back of a host of liberalisation measures. It pointed out that measures taken by the government have resulted in FDI equity inflow of $43.4 billion in 2016-17, which is not only an increase of 8% over the previous year but also the highest ever. 

ii. Mauritius, Singapore and Japan have been top three source countries of FDI inflows to India contributing 36.2%, 20% and 10.8%, respectively, during 2016-17, according to the survey.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • FDI policy reforms are meant to provide ease of doing business and accelerate the pace of foreign investment in the country.
  • Arun Jaitley is current Union Finance Minister of India.


i. With the $2.4 billion it just received from Japanese technology and telecom giant SoftBank, Flipkart has become the third most funded private company globally. 

ii. The homegrown e-commerce company has to date raised almost $7 billion in the capital, higher than that raised by global behemoths like online house rental aggregator Airbnb ($3.3 billion) and mobile phone maker Xiaomi ($1.4 billion). The top two are both ride hailing platforms— China based Didi Chuxing and the US based Uber.


i. Homegrown messaging and social media technology company Hike Messenger has acquired Bengaluru-based tech start-up Creo for an undisclosed amount. 

ii. The Creo team constitutes over 50 members and was founded in December 2013 by Sai Srinivas Kiran G and Shubham Malhotra. In the past, Creo has launched hardware products that include streaming media dongles and smartphones. 


i. Retired IAS officer I V Subba Rao has appointed the secretary to Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu. The Prime Minister's Office cleared the appointment a day on which Naidu assumed charge as the 13th vice president of the country. N Yuvaraj, Andhra Pradesh cadre IAS officer of 2006 batch, will be the private secretary to Naidu.

ii. Rao, a 1979 batch IAS officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre, retired from service as special chief secretary last year. He held several important posts in Andhra Pradesh and later served the UNESCO.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first Vice-President of India.
  • Dr Radhakrishnan was also the President of India from 13th May 1962 to 12th May 1967.


i. David Rasquinha, who is currently Deputy Managing Director of Exim Bank of India, has been appointed as Managing Director of the bank. This appointment will be valid for a period of three years.

ii. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has given its nod for the elevation of Rasquinha to the post of Managing Director, official sources said. A formal order in this regard is expected from the Department of Financial Services in the Finance Ministry in the next few days.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Established by the Government of India, EXIM Bank commenced operations in 1982 under the Export-Import Bank of India Act, 1981.
  • The Head Office of EXIM Bank is in Mumbai. 


i. State-owned Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has brought the country’s first shale oil from the US and is looking to step up imports from America as part of its crude diversification strategy. IOC bought 1.9 million barrels of US crude in its second import tender seeking oil from the Americas. 

ii. India, the world’s third-largest oil importer, joins Asian countries like South Korea, Japan and China to buy US crude after production cuts by Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) drove up prices of Middle East heavy-sour crude, or grades with a high sulphur content.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Sanjiv Singh is present Chairman of IOC.
  • The Head Office of  Indian Oil Corporation is in New Delhi.
  • Vienna, Austria is Headquarter of OPEC.


i. The Union Finance Ministry has issued guidelines for mandatory installation of energy efficient appliances in all Central Government buildings across India. It has directed that usage of LED based lightings and energy efficient cooling equipment such as fans and air conditioners in government buildings will lead to savings in the long run through the reduction in energy consumption.

ii. Under the programme, Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) intends to bring in the investment of around Rs. 1000 crore covering more than 10,000 large government/private buildings by 2020.

Important Takeaways from Above News-
  • Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) is a Joint Venture Company of PSUs of Ministry of Power, Government of India.
  • KK Sharma is present Chairman of EESL. 


i. The Hugo Award for Best Novel 2017 was given to Nora K. Jemisin, an American speculative fiction writer for her work 'The Obelisk Gate'. The award was presented at the 75th World Science Fiction Convention in Helsinki. 

ii. The awarded book was the second in the trilogy that started with 'The Fifth Season', which was New York Times Notable Book of 2015 and won Jemisin the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2016. 


i. Bollywood star Aishwarya Rai Bachchan has become the first female actor ever to hoist the Indian National Flag at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne (IFFM), Australia’s annual celebration of film from India and the subcontinent.

ii. The official Twitter handle of IFFM posted a picture of the 43-year-old actress. 


i. Shooter Maheshwari Chauhan bagged a bronze medal at the Asian Shotgun Championship to earn India's first women's skeet individual medal at a top international competition in Astana, Kazakhstan. 

ii. Maheshwari also led India to the team silver alongside compatriots Rashmmi Rathore and Saniya Sheikh. 

Man Booker Prize Winners Complete List (1969-2016)


Man Booker Prize Winners Complete List (1969-2016)

The complete list of winners and shortlisted authors of the Booker Prize --

2016 : Han Kang, South Korea (The Vegetarian - Novel)
2015 : Marlon James, Jamaica (A Brief History of Seven Killings - Novel)
2014 : Richard Flanagan, Australia (The Narrow Road to the Deep North - Historical Novel)
2013 : Eleanor Catton (Born-New Zealand), Canada (The Luminaries - Historical novel) 
2012 : Hilary Mantel, United Kingdom (Bring Up the Bodies - Historical novel) 
2011 : Julian Barnes, United Kingdom (The Sense of an Ending - Novel) 
2010 : Howard Jacobson, United Kingdom (The Finkler Question - Comic novel) 
2009 : Hilary Mantel, United Kingdom (Wolf Hall - Historical novel)
2008 : Aravind Adiga, India (The White Tiger - Novel)
2007 : Anne Enright, Ireland (The Gathering - Novel) 
2006 : Kiran Desai, India (The Inheritance of Loss - Novel)
2005 : John Banville, Ireland (The Sea - Novel) 
2004 : Alan Hollinghurst, United Kingdom (The Line of Beauty - Historical novel) 
2003 : DBC Pierre, Australia (Vernon God Little - Black comedy) 
2002 : Yann Martel, Canada (Life of Pi - Fantasy and adventure novel) 
2001 : Peter Carey, Australia (True History of the Kelly Gang - Historical novel) 
2000 : Margaret Atwood, Canada (The Blind Assassin - Historical novel) 
1999 : J. M. Coetzee, South Africa (Disgrace - Novel) 
1998 : Ian McEwan, United Kingdom (Amsterdam - Novel)
1997 : Arundhati Roy, India (The God of Small Things - Novel)
1996 : Graham Swift, United Kingdom (Last Orders - Novel)
1995 : Pat Barker, United Kingdom (The Ghost Road - War novel)
1994 : James Kelman, United Kingdom (How Late It Was, How Late - Stream of consciousness)
1993 : Roddy Doyle, Ireland (Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha - Novel)
1992 : Michael Ondaatje, Canada (The English Patient - Historiographic metafiction)
1992 : Barry Unsworth, United Kingdom (Sacred Hunger - Historical novel)
1991 : Ben Okri, Nigeria (The Famished Road - Magic realism)
1990 : A. S. Byatt, United Kingdom (Possession - Historical novel) 
1989 : Kazuo Ishiguro, United Kingdom (The Remains of the Day - Historical novel) 
1988 : Peter Carey, Australia (Oscar and Lucinda - Historical Novel)
1987 : Penelope Lively, United Kingdom (Moon Tiger - Novel) 
1986 : Kingsley Amis, United Kingdom (The Old Devils - Comic novel)
1985 : Keri Hulme, New Zealand (The Bone People - Mystery novel) 
1984 : Anita Brookner, United Kingdom (Hotel du Lac - Novel)
1983 : J. M. Coetzee, South Africa (Life and Times of Michael K- Novel) South Africa
1982 : Thomas Keneally, Australia (Schindler's Ark - Biographical novel) 
1981 : Salman Rushdie, United Kingdom (Midnight's Children - Magic realism)
1980 : William Golding, United Kingdom Rites of Passage - Novel)
1979 : Penelope Fitzgerald, United Kingdom (Offshore - Novel) 
1978 : Iris Murdoch (Born-United Kingdom), Ireland (The Sea, the Sea - Philosophical novel)
1977 : Paul Scott, United Kingdom (Staying On - Novel) 
1976 : David Storey, United Kingdom (Saville - Novel) 
1975 : Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (Born-Germany), United Kingdom (Heat and Dust - Historical novel)
1974 : Nadine Gordimer, South Africa (The Conservationist - Novel)
1974 : Stanley Middleton, United Kingdom (Holiday - Novel)
1973 : J. G. Farrell (Born-Ireland), United Kingdom (The Siege of Krishnapur - Novel)
1972 : John Berger, United Kingdom (G. - Experimental novel) 
1971 : V. S. Naipaul (Born- Trinidad and Tobago), United Kingdom (In a Free State - Short story)
1970 : J. G. Farrell(Born- Ireland), United Kingdom (Troubles - Novel) 
1970 : Bernice Rubens, United Kingdom (The Elected Member - Novel)
1969 : P. H. Newby, United Kingdom (Something to Answer For - Novel

List of Computer Abbreviations and Meanings


Computer Abbreviations and Meanings
A
ACE – Access Control Entry
ACL – Access Control List
ADO – Active Data Objects
ADSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
AI – Artificial Intelligence
ALGOL – Algorithmic Language
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
AOL – America Online
API – Application Program Interface
APIPA – Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
APT – Automatically Programmed Tooling
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASF – Advanced Streaming Format
ASM – Association for Systems Management
ASP – Active Server Pages
ATAPI – Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUI – Attachment Unit Interface
AVI – Audio Video Interleave

B
B2B – Business to Business
B2C – Business to Commerce
BASIC – Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD – Binary Coded Decimal
BDPS – Business Data Processing Systems
BHTML – Broadcast Hyper Text Markup Language
BIOS – Basic Input Output System
BIU – Bus Interface Unit
BMP – Bitmap
BPS – Bytes Per Seconds

C
CAD – Computer Aided Design
CADD – Computer Added Drafting and Design
CAI – Computer Aided Instructuion
CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAR – Control Address Register
CASE – Computer Aided Software Engineering
CCIS – Common Channel Interoffice Signaling
CCNA – Cisco Certified Network Associate
CD–WORM – Compact Disc – Write Once Read Many
CD RW – Compact Disc ReWritable
CD – Compact Disc
C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
CDONTS – Collabaration on Data Objects for Windows NT Server
CDROM – Compact Disc Read Only Memory
CFG – Control Flow Graph
CGI – Common Gateway Interface
CGM – Computer Graphics Metafile
CIDR – Classless Inter–Domain Routing 
CIM– Computer Integrated Manufacture
CISC – Complex Instruction Set Computers
CIX – Commercial Internet Exchange
CLR – Common Language Runtime
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMS – Content Management System
CMYK – Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (black)
COBOL – Common Business Oriented Language
COM – Component Object Model
CORBA – Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPI – Clock Cycle Per Instruction
CPU – Central Processing Unit
CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM – Customer Relationship Management
CROM – Control Read Only Memory
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube
CUI – Character User Interface

D
DAC – Digital to Analog Converter
DAO – Data Access Objects
DARPANET – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
DAT – Digital Audio Tape
DBA – Data Base Administrator
DBMS – Data Base Management System
DCA – Defence Communication Agency
DCL – Data Control Language
DCOM – Distributed Component Object Model
DCP – Data Communication Processor
DDL – Data Definition Language
DDOS – Distributed Denial of Service
DDP – Distributed Data Processing
DFD – Data Flow Diagram
DFS – Distributed File System
DHCP – Domain Host Configuration Protocol
DHTML – Dynamics Hyper Text Markup Language
DLC – Data Link Control
DLL– Dynamic Link Library
DMA – Direct Memory Access
DML – Data Manipulation Language
DMTF – Distributed Management Test Force
DNA – Distributed Internet Architecture
DNS – Domain Name System
DOM – Document Object Model
DOS – Disk Operating System, Denial Of Service
DPI – Dots Per Inch
DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
DSN – Digital Subscriber Network
DTD – Document Type Definition
DVD – Digital Versatile Disc

E
E – Electronic
EAROM – Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory
EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EDC – Electronic Digital Computer
EDCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFS – Encrypted File System
EJB – Enterprise Java Beans
ENIAC – Electronics Numerical Integrator and Calculator
EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EROM – Erasable Read Only Memory
ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
EULA – End User License Agreement

F
FAT – File Allocation Table
FDD – Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
FIFO – First In First Out
FLOPS – Floating Point Operations Per Second
FO – Fiber Optics
FORTRAN – Formula Translation
FPS – Frames Per Second
FRAM – Ferro–electric Random Access Memory
FTP – File Transfer Protocol

G
GB – Giga Bytes
GIF – Graphic Interchange Format
GIGO – Garbage In Garbage Out
GML – General Markup Language
GNU – GNU's Not Unix
GPL – General Public License
GUI – Graphical User Interface

H
HDD – Hard Disk Drive
HFS – Hierarchical File System
HP – Hewlett Packard
HPC – High Performance Computing
HPFS – High Performance File System
HSR – Horizontal Scan Rate
HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

I
IBM – International Business Machines
IC – Integrated Circuit
ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
ICS – Reduce Instruction Set Computer
ICT – Information and Communication Technology
IDE – Integrated Development Environment
IE – Internet Explorer
IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
IIS – Internet Information Server
IL – Intermediate Language
IO – Input Output
IOP – Input Output Processor
IP – Internet Protocol
IPX – Internetworked Packet Exchange
IRAM – Integration Ram
IRC – Internet Relay Chat
IrDA – Infrared Data Association
IRQ – Interrupt Request
ISAPI – Internet Server Application Program Interface
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO – International Standard Organization
ISP – Internet Service Provider
ISR – Interrupt Service Routine
IT – Information Technology
ITPL – Information Technology Park Limited (India)

J
JCL – Job Control Language
JDBC – Java Data Base Connectivity
JHTML – Java within Hyper Text Markup Language
JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
JSP – Java Server Pages

K
KB – Kilo Bytes
KBPS – Kilo Bytes Per Second

L 
L2TP – Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
LAN – Local Area Network
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP – Light Weight Directory Access Control
LIFO – Last In First Out
LIPS – Logical Interfaces Per Second
LOC – Lines Of Code
LSI – Large Scale Integration
LSP – Layered Service Provider

M
MAC
 – Media Access Control
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network 
MAU – Multi–station Access Unit
MB – Mega Bytes
MBONE – Multicast Backbone
MBPS – Mega Bytes Per Second
MBR – Master Boot Record
MCP – Microsoft Certified Professional
MCS – Multicast Server
MCSA – Microsoft® Certified Systems Administrator
MCSD – Microsoft® Certified Solution Developer 
MCSE – Microsoft® Certified System Engineer
MDI – Multiple Document Interface
MDS– Microcomputer Development System
MFC – Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFT – Master File Table
MG – Mega Bytes
MICR – MagneticInk Characters Reader
MIDI – Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIMD – Multiple Instruction Multiple Data
MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MIPS – Millions of Instructions Per Second
MISD – Multiple Instruction Single Data
MODEM – Modulator and Demodulator
MP3 – Motion Pictures Experts Group Layer – 3
MPEG – Motion Pictures Experts Group
MS – MicroSoft
MSDN – MicroSoft Developer Network
MSIIS – Microsoft Internet Information Server
MSIL – Microsoft Intermediate Language
MSMQ – Microsoft Message Queue
MSN – MicroSoft Network
MSRAP – Microsoft Remote Administration Protocol
MSRPC – Microsoft Remote Procedure Call
MTS – Microsoft Transaction Server
MTU – Maximum Transmission Unit
MUDS – MultiUser Dungeons

N
NAS – Network Attached Storage
NASSCOM – National Association of Software and Service Companies
NCP – Network Control Protocol
NDIS – Network Driver Interface Specification
NDRO – Nondestructive Read Out
NetBEUI – NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface
NIC – National Informatics Centre, 
NIIT – National Institute of Information Technology
NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol
NOW – Network Of Workstations
NSFNET – National Science Foundation Network
NT (Windows) – New Technology
NTFS – New Technology File System
NTP – Network Time Protocol

O
OCP – Oracle Certified Professional
OCR – Optical Character Readers
ODBC – Open Data Base Connectivity
OLE – Object Linking and Embedding
OMR – Optical Mark Reader
ONE – Open Network Architecture
OOA – Object Orient Analysis
OOAD – Object Oriented Analysis and Design
OOP – Object Oriented Programming
OOPS – Object Oriented Programming System
OPEN GL – Open Graphics Library
OS – Operating System
OSI – Open System Interconnection

P
PC – Personal Computer
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA – Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA – Personal Digital Assistant
PDF – Portable Document Format
PDL – Page Description Language
PDU – Protocol Data Unit
PHP – PHP Hypertext Processor
PIC – Programming Interrupt Control
PILOT – Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching
PLA – Programmable Logic Array
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
PNG – Portable Network Graphics
PNP – Plug And Play
POP – Post Office Protocol
POST – Power On Self Test
PPP – Peer to Peer Protocol
PPTP – Point To Point Tunneling Protocol
PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
PS – Post Script
PSN – Processor Serial Number

Q 
QoS – Quality of Service

R
RADSL – RateAdaptive Digital Subscribes Line
RAID – Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAMDAC – Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter
RAS – Remote Access Network
RD RAM – Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
R-DAT – Rotating Digital Audio Tape
RDBMS – Relational Data Base Management System
RDO – Remote Data Objects
RDP – Remote Desktop Protocol
RFC – Request for Comments
RGB – Red Green Blue
RICS – Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RIP – Raster Image Processor
RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computer
ROM – Read Only Memory
RPC – Remote Procedure Call
RTC – Real Time Clock
RTF – Rich Text Format
RTOS – Real Time Operating System


S-DAT – Stationary Digital Audio Tape
SACK – Selective Acknowledgements
SAM – Security Access Manager
SAP – Service Access Point, Systems Applications Products
SCMP – Software Configuration Management Plan
SCSI – Small Computers Systems Interface
SD RAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDD – Software Design Description
SDK – Software Development Kit
SDL – Storage Definition Language
SDN – Integrated Service Digital Network
SDRAM – Static Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDSL – Symmetric Digital Subscribes Line
SG RAM – Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory
SGML – Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIM – Subscriber Identification Module
SIMD – Single Instruction Multiple Data
SISD – Single Instruction Single Data
SIU – Serial Interface Unit
SMP – Symmetric Multi Process
SMS – Short Message Service
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNA – System Network Architecture
SNAP – Sub Network Access Protocol
SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
SNOBOL – String Oriented Symbolic Language
SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol
SPX – Sequenced Packet Exchange
SQA – Statistical Quality Assurance
SQL – Structured Query Language
SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
SRS – Software Requirements Specification
STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
SVVP – Software Verification and Validation Plan
SW – Software

T
TAPI – Telephony Application Program Interface
TB – Tera Bytes
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TDI – Transport Data Interface
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
TPM – Transactions Processing Monitor
TSR – Terminate and Stay Residents

U
UDD – User Datagram Protocol
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
UI – User Interface
UML – Unified Modelling Language
UNC – Universal Naming Convention
UNIX – Uniplexed Information and Computer Systems
URL – Universal Resource Locator
USB – Universal Serial Bus
USRT– Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitted
UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair

V
VAN – Virtual Area Network
VAST– Very Small Aperture Terminal
VB – Visual Basic
VC++ – Visual C++
VCD – Video Compact Disc
VDL – View Definition Language
VGA – Video Graphics Array
VHS – Video Home System
VLIW – Very Long Instruction Words
VLSI – Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VRAM – Video Random Access Memory
VRML – Virtual Reality Modelling Language
VS – Visual Studio
VSNL – Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
VVR – Software Validation and Validation Report
VXD – Virtual Device Driver

W
W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
WAIS – Wide Area Information Servers
WAN – Wide Area Network
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
WBEM – Web Base Enterprise Management
WDM – Wave Division Multiplexing
WHQL – Windows Hardware Quality Lab
Windows ME – Windows Millennium Edition
Windows NT – Windows New Technology
Windows XP – Windows eXPerienced
WINS – Windows Internet Name Services
WMI – Windows Management Instrumentation
WML – Wireless Markup Language
WORM – Write Once Read Many
WSH – Windows Script Host
WWW – World Wide Web
WYSIWYG – What You See Is What You Get


XHTML – eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language
XML – eXtensible Markup Language
XSL – eXtensible Style Sheet language

Y
Y2K – Year 2000

Z

ZIF – Zero Insertion Force