Directions (1-4): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Once surrounded and protected by vast wilderness, many of the national parks are adversely affected by activities outside their boundaries. The National Park Organic Act established the national park system and empowered the Secretary of the Interior to manage activities within the parks. Conditions outside park boundaries are not subject to regulation by the Park Service unless they involve the direct use of park resources. Several approaches to protecting the national parks from external degradation have been proposed, such as one focusing on enacting federal legislation granting the National Park Service broader powers over lands adjacent to the national parks. Legislation addressing external threats to the national parks twice passed the House of Representatives but died without action in the Senate. Also brought to the table as a possible remedy is giving the states bordering the parks a significant and meaningful role in developing federal park management policy.
Because the livelihood of many citizens is linked to the management of national parks, local politicians often encourage state involvement in federal planning. But, state legislatures have not always addressed the fundamental policy issues of whether states should protect park wildlife. Timber harvesting, ranching and energy exploration compete with wildlife within the local ecosystem. Priorities among different land uses are not generally established by current legislation. Additionally, often no mechanism exists to coordinate planning by the state environmental regulatory agencies. These factors limit the impact of legislation aimed at protecting park wildlife and the larger park ecosystem. Even if these deficiencies can be overcome, state participation must be consistent with existing federal legislation. States lack jurisdiction within national parks themselves, and therefore state solutions cannot reach activities inside the parks, thus limiting state action to the land adjacent to the national parks. Under the supremacy clause, federal laws and regulations supersede state action if state law conflicts with federal legislation, if Congress precludes local regulation, or if federal regulation is so pervasive that no room remains for state control. Assuming that federal regulations leave open the possibility of state control, state participation in policy making must be harmonized with existing federal legislation.
The residents of states bordering national parks are affected by park management policies. They, in turn, affect the success of those policies. This interrelationship must be considered in responding to the external threats problem. Local participation is necessary in deciding how to protect park wildlife. Local interests should not, however, dictate national policy, nor should they be used as a pretext to ignore the threats to park regions.
Q1. What is the main purpose of the author in writing the passage?
(a) argue that rampant timber harvesting is degrading national parks
(b) describe a plan of action to resolve an issue
(c) discuss different approaches to dealing with a problem
(d) suggest that local participation is necessary to solve the problem described
(e) to assert that national parks are adversely affected by activities outside their boundaries
Q2. The passage provides support for which of the following assertions?
(a) The National Park Organic Act gave the Secretary of the Interior the right to overrule state government policy in lands adjacent to national parks.
(b) The federal government has been selling national park land to state governments in order to raise money for wildlife conservation.
(c) The actions of state governments have often failed to promote the interests of national park wildlife.
(d) Local politicians want the federal government to turn control of national parks over to state governments.
(e) Timber harvesting and energy exploration have not had any impact on national parks
Q3. In the context of the passage, the phrase external degradation (lines 8-9) refers to
which of the following:
(a) threats to national parks arising from the House of Representative's willingness to address environmental issues.
(b) threats to national parks arising from state government environmental policies.
(c) threats to national parks arising from local politicians‘ calls for greater state involvement in national park planning.
(d) threats to national parks arising from the National Park Organic Act.
(e) threats to national parks arising from the lack of local support
Q4. According to the passage, which of the following developments is most likely if environmental cooperation between the federal government and state governments does not improve?
(a) A further decline in the land area of national parks
(b) A further increase in federal ownership of land adjacent to national parks
(c) A further growth in the powers of the National Park Service
(d) A further loss of species in national parks
(e) A further increase in timber harvesting activities
Directions (5-15): In the following questions, two sentences are given. There may be an error in the sentence(s). Read the given options carefully and mark the correct answer.
Q5. I. He had rather go than stay behind.
II. We have received a message from him only six hours ago.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q6. I. The Flower show, which was held in the spacious Glass House, is attended by a large crowd.
II. Someone is knocking at the door.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q7. I. Moni asked for leave as she was feeling a severe pain in her knee.
II. The magnanimous lady was moved by the sight of an old beggar, who was lying on the side of the road.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q8. I. The couple decided to stay at the hill station for few more days as they were enchanted by the beautiful landscape.
II. The director does not seem to be impressed by the arrangements made for the seminar.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q9. I. The little girl watched the bird curiously, when it ate the grains and flowed away.
II. The novel by the writer will finish before the end of this year.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q10. I. Manish is the role model for the beginners who hope that they can accomplish well by their sincere efforts.
II. A program should be either informative or is entertaining in order to pull a large crowd.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q11. I. The employee having a taste of success, he determined to put a lot of effort into the project.
II. Misha completed the research project successfully so she was the recipient of a doctorate degree.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q12. I. Much to his chagrin he found his children preferred instant success than long-term benefit.
II. The job of the female marketing employees is similar with that of their male counterparts.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q13. I. No one objected to the notion of shifting to new premises, did they?
II. It never occurred to me that perhaps he was cheating.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q14. I. The disastrous earthquake caused loss of life, property and loss of the hope of survival.
II. When Atul was traveling abroad, he received a message from one of his friends that his film was nominated for the Oscar.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Q15. I. Ronit admired the car but not its price.
II. Srijit is tall enough to see above the heads of other people.
(a) if there is an error only in the first sentence;
(b) if there is an error only in the second sentence;
(c) if there are errors in both sentences; and
(d) if there is no error in either of the sentences.
(e) None of the above condition is applicable
Solutions
S1. Ans.(c)
Sol. If you have mapped the passage correctly you will notice that most of the passage discusses the different approaches that can be taken to solve the problem of degradation of national parks. C matches best with this. (C): The Correct Answer
S2. Ans.(c)
Sol. An Inference question, this one requires students to find that one option which can logically follow from the information in the passage without making any extreme assumptions. Only (C) has support in the passage. (C): The Correct Answer
S3. Ans.(b)
Sol. Go back to the lines before and after the phrase to judge its meaning in context. The phrase refers back to the damage mentioned in the passage, and is expanded on in the lines below. The author believes that the damage outside park boundaries is supported by state governments, option (B) summarizes the nature of the ―external degradation.(B): The Correct Answer
S4. Ans.(d)
Sol. The ―according to the passage...‖ start to the question tips you off to look for a detail within the passage. Where is the scenario in the question mentioned? Go to the last paragraph, which discusses a combination of national and local responses. It argues that this cooperation is necessary in order to ―protect park wildlife. If this cooperation doesn‘t occur then, wildlife would presumably be harmed. (D) rewards the careful reading. (D): The Correct Answer
S5. Ans.(c)
Sol. Sentence I should be – He would rather go …… would denotes willingness or determination (which is what is denoted in the sentence.)
Sentence II, the simple past tense not the present perfect tense – we received a message….
S6. Ans.(a)
Sol. I. The first verb ‘was held’ is in past tense and the second verb ‘is attended’ is in present, a past action; ‘is’ should be changed to ‘was’.
II. The second sentence has no error. But ‘knocking on’ is also correct.
S7. Ans.(c)
Sol. I. The verb ‘feel’ is not used in continuous tense so it should be changed to simple past tense as it is in past continuous. Change ‘was feeling’ to ‘felt’
II. The preposition ‘on’ should be replaced by ‘by’. Both the sentences have errors.
S8. Ans.(a)
Sol. I. ‘Few’ means no or nothing. ‘A few’, which means some should be used instead of ‘few’.
II. The given sentence has no error.
S9. Ans.(c)
Sol. I. The verb ‘flowed’ is the past tense of ‘flow’. Here, the past tense of ‘fly’, i.e. ‘flew’ should be used. fly – flew – flown
flow – flowed – flowed
II. The verb in the given sentence is in active voice, which is incorrect. ‘Will be finished’ is the correct form. ‘Will have been finished’ is also correct as we use future perfect tense to denote an action that will be completed by some point of time in the future. Both sentences have errors.
S10. Ans.(b)
Sol. I. The given sentence has no error.
II. When a correlative conjunction is used in a sentence, both the conjunctions should be followed by the words of same parts of speech. ‘Either-or’ is the correlative conjunction. Either is followed by an adjective, but or is followed by a verb, which is wrong. Delete ‘is’ to make the sentence correct.
S11. Ans.(a)
Sol. I Having a taste of success, the employee determined… is correct. The given sentence is a simple sentence, which has a phrase and a clause.
II. The sentence has no error. Only the first sentence has an error.
S12. Ans.(c)
Sol. I. The verbs ‘prefer’ takes the preposition ‘to’, not ‘than’. Use ‘to’ in the place to ‘than’ to correct the sentence.
II. Replace the preposition ‘with’ with ‘to’ to make the sentence correct. Both the sentences have errors.
S13. Ans.(d)
Sol. Both the sentences are correct.
S14. Ans.(a)
Sol. I. The phrase ‘loss of’ in the last part of first sentence is redundant. Delete this to make the sentence correct.
II. The given sentence is correct. Only the first sentence has an error.
S15. Ans.(b)
Sol. I. The given sentence is correct.
II. ‘see above’ is incorrect. ‘See over’ is the correct form. Only the second sentence has an error.
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