150 Synonyms and Antonyms

150 Synonyms and Antonyms for all Competitive Exam

S. No.	Word	Synonyms	Antonyms
1.	Alien	foreigner, outsider	native, resident
2.	Affront	provoke, irreverence	conciliate, mollify
3.	Adversity	misfortune, calamity	prosperity, fortune
4.	Antipathy	hostility, aversion	admiration, fascination
5.	Amplify	enlarge, extend	lessen, contract
6.	Alleviate	abate, relieve	aggravate, enhance
7.	Admonish	counsel, reprove	approve, applaud
8.	Adherent	follower, disciple	rival, adversary
9.	Awkward	clumsy, rough	clever, apt
10.	Allure	entice, fascinate	repulse, repel
11.	Abortive	vain, unproductive	effectual, productive
12.	Allay	pacify, soothe	aggravate, excite
13.	Axiom	maxim, truth	absurdity, blunder
14.	Barbarous	uncivilized, savage	cultured, humane
15.	Baffle	frustrate, perplex	compose, facilitate
16.	Bewitching	magical, fascinating	repulsive, repugnant
17.	Concur	approve, agree	differ, disagree
18.	Chastise	punish, admonish	cheer, encourage
19.	Chaste	virtuous, pure	sullied lustful
20.	Capable	competent, able	incompetent, inept
21.	Captivity	imprisonment, confinement	freedom, liberty
22.	Captivate	charm, fascinate	disillusion, offend
23.	Calumny	defamation, aspersion	commendation, praise
24.	Callous	obdurate, unfeeling	compassionate, tender
25.	Calamity	adversity, misfortune	happiness, fortune
26.	Cavity	depth, depression	elevation, projection
27.	Cease	terminate, desist	begin, originate
28.	Defray	spend, pay	disclaim, repudiate
29.	Defile	contaminate, pollute	purify, sanctity
30.	Defer	prolong, suspend	accelerate, expedite
31.	Dedicate	devote, consecrate	refuse, negate
32.	Decipher	interpret, reveal	misinterpret, distort
33.	Deceit	deception, artifice	veracity, sincerity
34.	Decay	collapse, decompose	flourish, progress
35.	Dainty	elegant, delicate	clumsy, coarse
36.	Endeavour	undertake, aspire	cease, quit
37.	Encumbrance	hindrance, obstacle	incentive stimulant
38.	Eloquence	expression, fluency	halting, stammering
39.	Eliminate	expel, oust	restore, accept
40.	Elevate	dignify, heighten	deprecate, denounce
41.	Efface	destroy, obliterate	retain, maintain
42.	Ecstasy	delight, exultation	despair, calamity, depression
43.	Eccentric	strange abnormal	natural, conventional
44.	Fleeting	transient, temporary	enduring, eternal
45.	Feud	strife, quarrel	fraternity, harmony
46.	Ferocious	cruel, fierce	gentle, sympathetic
47.	Feeble	weak, frail	strong, robust
48.	Fantastic	fanciful, uncommon	ordinary, normal
49.	Fanatical	narrow-minded, biased	liberal, tolerant
50.	Falter	stumble, demur	persist, endure
51.	Fallacy	delusion, mistake	veracity, truth
52.	Gracious	courteous, beneficent	rude, unforgiving
53.	Gorgeous	magnificent, dazzling	dull, unpretentious
54.	Glut	stuff, satiate	starve, abstain
55.	Gloom	obscurity, darkness	delight, mirth
56.	Haughty	arrogant, pompous	humble, submissive
57.	Harass	irritate, molest	assist, comfort
58.	Hapless	unfortunate, ill-fated	fortunate, lucky
59.	Haphazard	random, unsorted	considered, arranged
60.	Hamper	retard, prevent	promote, facilitate
61.	Incongruous	inappropriate, absurd	compatible, harmonious
62.	Incompetent	inefficient, unskilled	dexterous, skilled
63.	Inclination	disposition, affection	disinclination, indifference
64.	Impute	attribute, ascribe	exculpate, support
65.	Impious	irreligious, unholy	pious, devout
66.	Impediment	hurdle, obstruction	assistance, concurrence
67.	Impartial	just, unbiased	prejudiced, biased
68.	Impair	diminish, deteriorate	restore, revive
69.	Immunity	prerogative, privilege	blame, censure
70.	Imminent	impending, brewing	distant, receding
71.	Immerse	submerge, involve	emerge, uncover
72.	Immense	huge, enormous	puny, insignificant
73.	Immaculate	unsullied, spotless	defiled, tarnished
74.	Jubilant	rejoicing, triumphant	melancholy, depressing
75.	Jovial	frolicsome, cheerful	solemn, morose
76.	Jaded	tired exhausted	renewed, recreated
77.	Jejune	dull, boring	interesting, exciting
78.	Knave	dishonest, scoundrel	paragon, innocent
79.	Knell	death knell, last blow	reconstruction, rediscovery
80.	Knotty	complicated, difficult	simple, manageable
81.	Linger	loiter, prolong	hasten, quicken
82.	Liberal	magnanimous, generous	stingy, malicious
83.	Liable	accountable, bound	unaccountable, apt to
84.	Lenient	compassionate, merciful	cruel, severe
85.	Lax	slack, careless	firm, reliable
86.	Lavish	abundant, excessive	scarce, deficient
87.	Mollify	appease, assuage	irritate, infuriate
88.	Molest	harass, tease	console, soothe
89.	Modest	humble, courteous	arrogant, pompous
90.	Mitigate	alleviate, relieve	augment, enhance
91.	Miraculous	marvellous, extraordinary	ordinary, trivial
92.	Minute	diminutive, miniature	large, colossal
93.	Numerous	profuse, various	scarce, deficient
94.	Nullify	cancel, annul	confirm, uphold
95.	Noxious	baneful, injurious	healing, profitable
96.	Novice	tyro, beginner	veteran, ingenious
97.	Offspring	descendant, sibling	ancestor, forefather
98.	Offensive	abhorrent, arrogant	docile, compliant
99.	Odious	malevolent, obnoxious	engaging, fascinating
100.	Occult	latent, ambiguous	intelligible, transparent
101.	Obvious	evident, apparent	obscure, ambiguous
102.	Obstruct	impede, prevent	hasten, encourage
103.	Predicament	plight, dilemma	resolution, confidence
104.	Precarious	doubtful, insecure	assured, undeniable
105.	Pompous	haughty, arrogant	unpretentious, humble
106.	Perverse	petulant, obstinate	complacent, docile
107.	Pertness	flippancy, impudence	modesty, diffidence
108.	Peevish	perverse, sullen	suave, amiable
109.	Peerless	matchless, unrivalled	mediocre, commonplace
110.	Paramount	foremost, eminent	trivial, inferior
111.	Pamper	flatter, indulge	deny, disparage
112.	Placid	tranquil, calm	turbulent, hostile
113.	Quibble	equivocate, prevaricate	unfeign, plain
114.	Quarantine	seclude, screen	befriend, socialize
115.	Questionable	dubious, disputable	reliable, authentic
116.	Retract	recant, withdraw	confirm, assert
117.	Remote	inaccessible, farther	adjoining, adjacent
118.	Remorse	regret, penitence	ruthlessness, obduracy
119.	Resentment	displeasure, wrath	content, cheer
120.	Remnant	residue, piece	entire, whole
121.	Shrewd	cunning crafty	simple, imbecile
122.	Stupor	lethargy, unconsciousness	sensibility, consciousness
123.	Squalid	dirty, filthy	tidy, attractive
124.	Sporadic	intermittent, scattered	incessant, frequent
125.	Solicit	entreat, implore	protest, oppose
126.	Sneer	mock, scorn	flatter, praise
127.	Slander	defame, malign	applaud, approve
128.	Shabby	miserable, impoverished	prosperous, thriving
129.	Saucy	impudent, insolent	modest, humble
130.	Temperate	cool, moderate	boisterous, violent
131.	Tedious	wearisome, irksome	exhilarating, lively
132.	Taciturn	reserved, silent	talkative, extrovert
133.	Taboo	prohibit, ban	permit, consent
134.	Throng	assembly, crowd	dispersion, sparsity
135.	Tumultuous	violent, riotous	peaceful, harmonious
136.	Uncouth	awkward, ungraceful	elegant, graceful
137.	Umbrage	resentment, bitterness	sympathy, goodwill
138.	Valour	bravery, prowess	fear, cowardice
139.	Vagrant	wanderer, roaming	steady, settled
140.	Vigilant	cautious, alert	careless, negligent
141.	Valid	genuine, authentic	fallacious, deceptive
142.	Veteran	ingenious, experienced	novice, tyro
143.	Venom	poison, malevolence	antidote, benevolent
144.	Wield	use, employ	forgo, avoid
145.	Wan	pale, faded	bright, healthy
146.	Wicked	vicious, immoral	Virtuous, noble
147.	Wed	marry, combine	divorce, separate
148.	Yearn	languish, crave	content, satisfy
149.	Yell	shout, shriek	whisper, muted
150.	Zeal	eagerness, fervour	apathy, lethargy

Daily GK Update 23rd August 2017

1. World's Highest-Paid Actors 2017: Forbes List

i. The former rapper-turned-actor Mark Wahlberg is Hollywood's highest-paid leading man, earning $68 million pretax in 12 month scoring period. From India, Shahrukh Khan is the highest paid actor (Rank 8) followed by Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar. Wahlberg has replaced out last year's top-ranked star, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson.

ii. The Top 10 Highest Paid Actors in the List are:

1. Mark Wahlberg ($68 million)

2. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson ($65 million)

3. Vin Diesel ($54.5 million)

4. Adam Sandler ($50.5 million)

5. Jackie Chan ($49 million)

6. Robert Downey, Jr. ($48 million)

7. Tom Cruise ($43 million)

8. Shah Rukh Khan ($38 million)

9. Salman Khan ($37 million)

10. Akshay Kumar ($35.5 million).

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The highest paid Female Actress is Emma Stone ($26 million).

2. 17th meeting of FSDC Held in New Delhi

i. The seventeenth Meeting of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) was held in New Delhi under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister of Finance, Shri Arun Jaitley.

ii. The Council discussed the Central KYC Registry (CKYCR) system. The Council also deliberated on strengthening the regulation of the Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs).

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Present Finance Minister of India is Mr. Arun Jaitley.
• R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was the First Finance Minister of Independent India.

3. NITI Aayog Launched 'Mentor India' Campaign

i. NITI Aayog launched the 'Mentor India Campaign'. It is a strategic nation building initiative to engage leaders who can guide and mentor students at more than 900 Atal Tinkering Labs, established across the country as a part of the Atal Innovation Mission.
ii. CEO NITI Aayog, Shri Amitabh Kant unveiled the online nationwide initiative in New Delhi. Mentor India is aimed at maximizing the impact of Atal Tinkering Labs, possibly the biggest disruption in formal education globally.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• PM Narendra Modi is present Chairperson of NITI Aayog.
• Economist Rajiv Kumar to be new Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog.
• Full form of NITI Aayog is National Institution for Transforming India.

4. ICMR, Ministry of Health Sign Pact with S Korea’s IVI

i. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Union Ministry of Health inked a pact with the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), South Korea to collaborate on vaccine research and development.

ii. The ICMR is the apex body in the country for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research. The IVI has 35 signatory countries. With this partnership, India is committing an annual contribution of USD 5,00,000 to IVI and joins Sweden and South Korea as financially contributing signatories to IVI.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Dr. Soumya Swaminathan is the Director General of ICMR.
• Dr. Jerome H Kim is the Director General of IVI, South Korea.

5. 8th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress in New Delhi

i. Union Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, Renewable Energy and Mines, Shri Piyush Goyal, addressed the 3-day 8th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress in New Delhi.

ii. The annual conference is visualized and planned in the backdrop of India's vision of achieving "Energy Independence and Power for all by 2022". The theme of the conference was "Renewable Energy: What Works".

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• 7th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress & Expo-2016 was held in August 2016.

6. 40% Reservation for Girls at Planned Schools

i. According to Union minister Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, the government has decided to proffer 40 per cent reservation for girls at 100 Navodaya-type schools and five higher education institutes it plans to set up for minority community students.

ii. A panel formed by The Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF), a government-funded agency, had recommended a three-tier model to tackle educational backwardness among minorities. There are six notified minority communities in the country: Muslims, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Parsis and Jains. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Shri Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi is the Minister of Minority Affairs and Parliamentary Affairs.

7. RBI to issue Rs200 notes

i. The government gave its go-ahead to the Reserve Bank of India to issue Rs 200 notes that will ease pressure on lower-denomination currency bills.

ii. The new Rs 200 notes are likely to be in circulation shortly. The exercise of printing Rs 200 denomination notes is being undertaken to further improve the currency situation in the country.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• RBI Headquarters in Mumbai.
• The 24th Governor of RBI is Dr. Urjit Patel.
• In November 2016, the RBI had introduced new banknotes of Rs 500 and Rs 2,000 denominations with base colours of stone grey and magenta, respectively.

8. Railway Board Chairman Ashok Mittal Resigns

i. Ashok Mittal, Chairman of the Railway Board submitted his resignation to Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu. His resignation comes in the wake of a number of a high-profile accidents and derailments on the Indian Railways.

ii. Two Indian Rails namely Kaifyat Express and Utkal Express derailed, recently.

9. Ashwani Lohani: New Railway Board Chairman

i. Ashwani Lohani, the CMD of Air India has been named as the new Chairman of Railway Board, following the resignation on A.K. Mittal. Ashwani Lohani, an IRSME cadre  has previously served as DRM, Delhi Division.

ii. Mr. Lohani holds four engineering degrees, has authored two books and is credited with the turnaround of the Madhya Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation and the India Tourism Development Corporation.

10. Former Manipur CM Rishang Keishing Passes Away

i. Former Manipur Chief Minister and a member of the first Lok Sabha Rishang Keishing passed away following a brief illness. The veteran Congress leader was 96. He served as the Chief Minister of Manipur from 1980 to 1988 and from 1994 to 1997.

ii. Keishing passed away due to multiple organ failures. Keishing, who hailed from Bungpa village in Ukhrul district, was elected to the Lok Sabha in the first parliamentary elections held in 1952.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Shri Nongthombam Biren Singh is the present Chief Minister of Manipur.

11. New Zealand's Oldest Cricketer Tom Pritchard Passes Away

i. New Zealand's oldest cricketer Tom Pritchard has passed away. He was 100. Pritchard claimed 818 wickets across 200 first-class games, including 695 during a decade of service at Edgbaston.

ii. He, however, never played Test cricket. In March 2017, Pritchard became only the third New Zealand first-class cricketer, after John Wheatley and Syd Ward, to reach 100 years of age.

12. Brian Aldiss, British Science Fiction Writer Passes Away

i. Brian Aldiss, one of the most prolific and influential science fiction writers of the 20th century, has died aged 92.
ii. Born in 1925, Aldiss served in India and Burma with the British Army during World War II and later became a bookseller, publishing his first stories in a trade magazine.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Aldiss was awarded the title of Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America and was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

JET STREAMS

JET STREAMS

The JET STREAMS located in the upper troposphere (9 - 14 km) are bands of high speed winds (95-190 km/hr). The term was introduced in 1947 by Carl Gustaf Rossby. Average speed is very high with a lower limit of about 120 Kms in winter and 50 km per hours in summer. The two most important types of jet streams are the Polar Jet Streams and the Subtropical Jet Streams. They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 

Formation of Jet Stream

Warm air masses in the south meet cool air masses from the north and create temperature and air pressure gradients. In wind speed, the pressure difference between a high and low pressure zone can be very large, thereby creating high winds. Pressure and temperature differences in the jet stream can be large as a global warm front from the south and a cold front from the north meet.

Polar Jet Stream: 

These jet streams are created when cold air from the Polar Regions meets warmer air from the equator. This temperature gradient as a result forms a pressure gradient that increases wind speed. During the winter, these jet streams bring winter storms and blizzards to the United States and in summer, they become weaker and move towards high latitudes. They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Sub-Tropical Jet Stream: 

These jet streams are formed as warm air from the equator moves towards the poles that form a steep temperature incline along a subtropical front that like the polar jet streams produce strong winds. In Southeast Asia, India, and Africa, these jet streams help bring about the region's monsoon or rainy climate. As these jet streams warm the air above the Tibetan highlands, a temperature and pressure gradient is formed as the air from the ocean is cooler than that above the continental high lands. This as a result forms on-shore winds that produces the monsoon.

Valley winds and Local Winds

Valley winds and Local Winds

Mountain and Valley winds

Mountain-valley breezes are formed by the daily difference of the thermo effects between peaks and valleys. In daytime, the mountain side is directly heated by the sun, the temperature is higher, air expands, air pressure reduces, and therefore air will rise up the mountain side from the valley and generate a valley breeze. The valley breeze reaches its maximum force at around 2 p.m. After this time, the breeze decreases in power and come to a complete stop by sunset. By nightfall, the mountain side region is able to dissipate heat more quickly, due to its higher altitude and therefore temperature drops rapidly. Cold air will then travel down the mountain side from the top and flow into the valley, forming a mountain breeze.

Local Winds :These local winds blow in the various region of the world.

Hot Winds 

• Sirocco - Sahara Desert         
• Leveche -Spain
• Khamsin -Egypt
• Harmattan -Sahara Desert
• Santa Ana - USA
• Zonda -  Argentina
• Brick fielder -Australia

Cold Winds

• Mistral - Spain and France
• Bora - Adriatic coast
• Pampero - Argentina
• Buran -  Siberia

Descending Winds

• Chinook - USA
• Fohn - Switzerland
• Berg - Germany
• Norwester - New Zealand
• Samun - Persia (Iran)
• Nevados - Ecuador

Periodic wind(part 1)

Periodic wind(part 1)

PERIODIC WINDS

Land and sea breezes and monsoon winds are winds of a periodic type. Land and sea breezes occur daily, whereas the occurrence of monsoon winds is seasonal. 

Types of periodic winds:

(a) Monsoon winds

(b) Land and Sea Breeze

(c) Mountain and Valley Breeze

(a) MONSOON WINDS

Monsoons are regional scale wind systems that predictably change direction with the

passing of the seasons. These wind systems are created by the temperature contrasts that exist between the surfaces of land and ocean. 

However, monsoons are different from land and sea breezes both spatially and temporally. Monsoons occur over distances of thousands of kilometers.

Their two dominant patterns of wind flow act over an annual time scale.

Summer Monsoon

During the summer, monsoon winds blow from the cooler ocean surfaces onto the warmer

continents. 

In the summer, the continents become much warmer than the oceans because of a

number of factors. 

These factors include:

(i) Specific heat differences between land and water.

(ii) Greater evaporation over water surfaces.

(iii) Subsurface mixing in ocean basins, which redistributes heat energy through a deeper

layer.

Winter Monsoon

In the winter, the wind patterns reverses, as the ocean surfaces are now warmer. With little solar energy available, the continents begin cooling rapidly as longwave radiation is emitted to space. The ocean surface retains its heat energy longer because of water's high specific heat and subsurface mixing. The winter monsoons bring clear dry weather and winds that flow from land to sea.

(b) LAND AND SEA BREEZES:

A land breeze is created when the land is cooler than the water such as at night and the

surface winds have to be very light. When this happens the air over the water slowly begins to rise, as the air begins to rise, the air over the surface of the ocean has to be replaced, this is done by drawing the air from the land over the water.

A sea breeze is created when the surface of the land is heated sufficiently to start rising of the air. As air rises, it is replaced by air from the sea.

Sea breezes tend to be much stronger and can produce gusty winds as the sun can heat the land to very warm temperatures, thereby creating a significant temperature contrast to the water.