Direct/Indirect Questions

Dear Students! In SSC CGL Mains Exam, approx 20 or more questions are asked from Direct/Indirect Speech topic in English. If you can understand the change in the tense and structure, you can easily score correctly in this section. Go through these rules and be better prepared for the Mains exam. We wish you Good luck. 

Rules of narration according to tenses.

Learn to change the direct speech of statement or assertive sentence into indirect speech.

Read the following sentences :

A. The boy says, "I read in B. High School".

B. The boy says that he reads in B. High School.

In the sentence A the speech of the boy is quoted in the exact words of the speaker.

The speech quoted in the exact words of the speaker is a Direct Speech or Direct Narration. It is always written within inverted commas.

Note: The direct speech -contains :

a. Reporting speech : The boy says, _

b. Reporting verb : says

c. Reported speech  "I read in B. High School."

d. Verb of the reported speech : read

In the sentence B the speech is reported in a narrative form without quoting the

exact words of the speaker.

The speech reported in narrative form without quoting the exact words of

the speaker is an Indirect Speech or Indirect Narration.

Note : The reporting speech and the reported speech are joined by a linking

word and the commas are omitted. -Remember: Narration is of two kinds. They are:

(a) Direct Narration or Direct speech

(h) Indirect Narration or Indirect Speech

General Rules

[i]Assertive Sentence or Statement

☞1.If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense in the reported speech is not changed.

Direct : Nabil says, "I am fine."

Indirect : Nabil says that he is fine.

Direct : The man says, "I shall do it."

Indirect : The man says that he will do it.

Direct : He says, "I went there yesterday."

Indirect I : He says that he went there yesterday.

Direct : He will say, "I am ready to go."

Indirect : He says that he is ready to go.

☞2. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech is changed into the corresponding past form.

Nadin said, "I am fine.'

Nadin said that he was fine.

He said, "I want to go."

He said that he wanted to go.

He said, "I am reading a book."

He said that he was reading a book.

He said, "I have learnt my lesson."

He said that he had learnt his lesson.

He said, "I have been learning English.”

He said that he had been teaming English. .

He said, "I had reached the school before the bell rang"

He said that he had reached the school before the bell rang.

He said, "I can do the work.

He said that he could do the work.

He said, ."I shall do it." .

He said that he would do it.

He said, "I shall have done it."

He said that he would have done it.

☞3. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, and the verb of the reported speech is in the past indefinite tense, it (the verb in the reported speech) is changed into the past perfect tense.

Direct : Urmi said, “I went to school.

Indirect : Urmi said that she had gone to school.

Direct : He said, "I wrote the book."

Indirect ' : He said that he had written the book.

Direct : ‘Kabir said to me, "I was sick."

Indirect : Kabir told me (said to me) that he had been sick.

☞4.If the reporting verb is in the past tense, and the verb in the reported speech is in the past continuous, it (the verb in the reported speech) is changed into the past perfect continuous tense.

Direct :_ He said, "I was reading a book."

Indirect : He said that he had been reading a book.

Direct : Shimu said to me, "I was making a research to solve the

problem."

Indirect : Shimu told me that she had been making a research to

solve the problem.

-Note: The use of the conjunction that between the reporting speech and the

reported speech is not a must in the indirect speech.

☞5. If the Direct Speech describes a universal truth, constant fact, habitual fact, geographical fact and quotations, the verb in the reported speech remains unchanged:

Direct : The teacher said, "The earth moves round the sun."

Indirect : The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.

Direct : He said, "My father reads the Holy Quran every morning."

Indirect : He said that his father reads the Holy Quran every morning.

Direct : Keats said, "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever."

Indirect :Keats I said that a thing of beauty is a joy for ever.

☞6.The First Person of the direct speech is changed into the person the manspoken to and the third person does not have any change: 

Direct : Rahman said to Mamun, "Your father will go to my office"

Indirect : Rahman told Mamun that his father would go to his office.

Direct : Salam says to you, "You did not help me."

Indirect : Salarn tells you that you did not help him.

Direct : They said to us, "He will meet you."

Indirect : They told us that he would meet us.

Note: If the Reporting Verb has an object, it is not good English to write, "said to him ", It is better to write told us/him etc.

☞7. If the Reported speech has two or more verbs occurring at the same time, the past tense of the verbs is not changed :

Direct : The teacher said, "Mr. Ant worked hard while Mr. Grasshopper slept."

The teacher said that Mr. Ant worked hard while Mr. Grasshopper slept

Indirect : He said, "The children sang, danced and played."

Direct : He said that the children sang, danced and played.

☞8.Words that express nearness are often changed into the words expressing remoteness:

Here- there

This -that

Ago -before

These -those

Hence -thence

Come -go

Hither -thither

Thus -so, in that way

Today- that day, the same day

Tomorrow- The next day, the following day

Yesterday -the previous day, the day before

Last night -the previous night, the night before

Change the following sentences into indirect speech :

1. The boy says, "My father is working abroad." 

2. Karim says, "I was right".

3. He said to me, “I shall help you“.

4. Anwar said to them, "You were absentfrom the class yesterday". 

5. The man said to Kalam, "You have not sent me the letter". 

6. Ahmed said to his father, "I am preparing my lesson". 

7. He said to me, “I did not see the boy going“. 

8. They said to me, "You have done well".

9. The man said to the children, "Allah is kind". 

10. They said, "We came,worked and returned".

Ans:

1.The boy says that his father is working abroad . 

2. Karim says that he was right.

3. He said to me that he would help me. 

4. Anwar said to them that they had been absent from the class the previous day. 

5. The man said to Kalam that he had not sent him the letter. 

6. Ahmed said to his father that he was preparing his lesson. 

7. He said to me that he had not seen that boy going“. 

8. They said to me that I had done well.

9. The man said to the children that Allah is kind. 

10. They said that they had come, worked and returned.

[ii] Interrogative Sentence:

Structure of indirect speech

(a) Reporting verb is changed into ask or enquire of.

(b) If or whether is used as a linking word.

(c) The auxiliary verb in the reported speech is used after the subject.

(d) If the sentence begins with who, which, what, how, when, where,

why etc., these are not changed and if or whether is not used.

Note : The indirect speech becomes a statement and no question mark is used.

Nadim said to Nadia, "Are you reading now?"

Nadim asked Nadia (or enquired of) if she was reading then.

The man said to Shaila, "What is your name?"

The man asked Shaila what her name was.

[iii] Imperative Sentence

Structure of indirect speech

a. Reporting verb is changed into tell, command or order, request - or beg or entreat or ask, forbid, according to the sense of the speech

b. Reporting verb and Reported speech are joined by Infinitive ‘to

He said to me, "Do it now"?

He told me to do it then.

The captain said, "Soldiers, march on".

The captain commanded the soldiers to march on.

[iv] Optative Sentence

The structure of indirect speech of Optative sentences.

a. The Reporting verb is changed into wish or pray.

b. The Optative form is changed into a statement.

c. ‘That’ is used as a linking word.

He said to me, "May you be happy".

He wished that I might be happy.

Mr. Khan said, "May Allah save me".

Mr. Khan prayed that Allah might save him.

[v] Exclamatory Sentence:

a. The reporting verb is changed into exclaim, cry, shout etc. according

to the sense.

b. New words and phrases like. with joy/in joy, with sorrow/ in sorrow,

in wonder etc. are used to express the meaning of exclamation. If the

sense of exclamation is not clear, such phrases are not used.

c. That is used as a linking word.

d. The changed form becomes a statement.

Direct : The man said, "Alas! I am undone".

Indirect : The man cried out in sorrow that he was undone.

Direct : He said, "Hurrah! We have won the game".

Indirect : He exclaimed in joy that they had won the game.

Direct : He said to me, "What a funny boy you are"! .

Indirect : He exclaimed in joy that I was a very funny boy.

Direct : He said, "What a fool I am“!

Indirect : He cried out with sorrow that he was a great fool.

[Note: 'great' is used before a noun]

Direct : He said, "What a long journey"!

Indirect : He exclaimed that it was a very long journey.

Exception ---

Direct : He said, "Who knew that it would happen"!

Indirect : He said that nobody knew -that it would happen

Direct : He said, "By God! I have never done it".

Indirect : He swore by God that he had never done it.

Direct : He said, "Had I the wings of a bird!"

Indirect : He wished he had the wings of a bird.

Use of Articles

A, An and The are called Articles, and we use these articles to make a noun 'definite' or 'indefinite'. The student has to decide noun-by-noun which one of the articles to use. In fact, there are 4 choices to make, because sometimes no article is necessary. The most important first step in choosing the correct article is to categorize the noun as count or uncount in its context.Once you have correctly categorized the noun (using your dictionary if necessary), the following "rules" apply:

1.Uncount nouns

• You cannot say a/an with an uncount noun.
• You cannot put a number in front of an uncount noun. (You cannot make an uncount noun plural.)
• You use an uncount noun with no article if you mean that thing in general.
• You use the with an uncount noun when you are talking about a particular example of that thing.

2.Count nouns

• You can put a number in front of a count noun. (You can make a count noun plural.)
• You can put both a/an and the in front of a count noun.
• You must put an article in front of a singular count noun.
• You use a plural count noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.
• You usually use a/an with a count noun the first time you say or write that noun.
• You use the with count nouns: the second and subsequent times you use the noun in a piece of speech or writing when the listener knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only one of that thing) You use an (not a) when the next word (adverb, adjective, noun) starts with a vowel sound.

3.A is used when the next word begins with a consonant sound (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k etc).

a book, a table, a clock, a university (because the beginning of university sounds like YOU-niversity)

4.AN is used when the next word begins with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).

an apple, an elephant, an umbrella, an hour (because the H is silent)

Omission of Articles
Occasionally, articles are omitted altogether before certain nouns. In these cases, the article is implied but not actually present. This implied article is sometimes called a “zero article.”

5.Often, the article is omitted before nouns that refer to abstract ideas. Look at the following examples:

Let’s go out for a dinner tonight. (Incorrect)
Let’s go out for dinner tonight.(correct)
The creativity is a valuable quality in children. (Incorrect)
Creativity is a valuable quality in children. (correct)

6.Many languages and nationalities are not preceded by an article. Consider the example below:

I studied the French in high school for four years. (Incorrect)
I studied French in high school for four years. (correct)

7.Sports and academic subjects do not require articles. See the sentences below for reference:

I like to play the baseball. (Incorrect)
I like to play baseball. (correct)
My sister was always good at the math. (Incorrect)
My sister was always good at math. (correct)

8.Use THE with nouns modified by ranking or ordering expressions such as "the first", "the second", "the third", "the next", "the last", "the previous", "the following", "the penultimate", etc.

This is the fifth day of our conference.
I'll pay the next time we have dinner.
Don't forget the following rule.

9.Use THE with superlatives such as "the best", "the biggest", "the most important", "the least interesting", etc.

This is the best day ever.
That is the most expensive hotel room I've ever heard of in my life.
He told the funniest joke!

10.Comparative forms, such as "bigger", "better", "more" can be used with both A(AN) and THE and follow general article usage.

I like the bigger roller coaster.
He has a more expensive car than I do.

11.However, THE is often used with comparative forms (bigger) rather than superlative forms (biggest) when comparing only two things. This is commonly used in phrases such as "the bigger of the two".

Jessie and Shauna are both smart. But I think Shauna is the smarter of the two.
Between Jason's son and his daughter, his daughter is the better athlete.

12.If a direction (north, west, southeast, left, right) directly follows a verb, do not use an article with the direction.

We need to walk south.
They drove north all day.
At the stop sign, turn left and walk three blocks.

13.HOWEVER: If a direction follows a preposition, you must use THE.

We need to walk to the south.
Our house is in the north.
The grocery store is on the right.

14.THE can be used with plural family names to refer to the family as a group.

The Robinsons love to vacation in Florida.
The Shinoharas are originally from Japan.
My brother lives next door to the Jacksons.

15.THE can be combined with certain adjectives to refer to a group of people such as "the blind", "the elderly", "the rich", "the French", "the Sioux", etc.

He is elderly. (Adjective)
The organization helps the elderly. (Elderly people)

16.REMEMBER: This is especially important in situations where nationalities or ethnic groups and their languages might be confused. In such situations, THE is used to specify that we are talking about the nationality or ethnic group rather than the language.

I like French. (Language)
I like the French. (The French people)

17.Use THE with the names of:

oceans,seas, coasts, rivers, swamps, archipelagos, collections of lakes (such as the Great Lakes), mountain chains, deserts, references on the globe (such as the Equator, the North Pole), geographic regions (such as the Northwest, the Middle East), bridges (except Tower Bridge), pagodas, hotels, theaters, museums, institutes, skyscrapers, the Sun, the Moon, extraordinary works of art or architecture (such as the Mona Lisa, the Colosseum, the Great Wall of China, and the Taj Mahal)

James visited the Hermitage, a famous museum in St. Petersburg.
I would love to visit the North Pole.
Nina walked over the Rialto Bridge.

18.Time expressions can be especially confusing. THE is used in some time expressions such as:

in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, during the night, during the day, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, the fall, the summer

We'll meet in the afternoon.
Jake loves to go camping in the fall.
There was a small earthquake during the night.

19.HOWEVER: In other time expressions, no article is used:

at night, at noon, at midnight, all day, all night, all month, every month, every year
last night, last Friday, yesterday, tomorrow.

Did you sleep well last night?
I'll see you tomorrow.
We are meeting for lunch at noon.

20.MOREOVER: There are some expressions which can take both A(AN) and THE such as:

a/the whole day, a/the whole month, an/the entire year, an/the entire decade

He spent a whole month in Hawaii. I wish I could do that.
I took last Friday off to go to the doctor. I spent the whole day sitting in his office.
When she first moved to Germany, it took an entire year for her to learn enough German to go shopping.
Phil hated the '90s. He spent the whole decade in a dead-end job struggling to pay his rent.

21.We use THE with-Musical instruments (the violin, the guitar, the drums, the flute, the piccolo).

She plays the piano.

22.We don't use A/AN with possessive pronouns, demonstratives or cardinal numbers.

My shirt is dirty.
This car is expensive.
One person is in the reception.

23.We use THE with: Something that is unique or there is only one.

the sun, the moon, the internet.

Rules of Nouns

We will start with all the basic components of English Grammar. One important thing you need to understand: The importance of all Parts of Speech in the English language. There are total 8 Parts of Speech. But before we begin to study Parts of Speech, let's get to know other basic yet important Grammatical terms in detail. Today, in this post we will discuss the Rules of Nouns.

RULES AND EXAMPLES

1.When two or more singular nouns are connected by ‘either or’; ‘neither nor’,; and ‘or’, the pronoun used is singular.

Either Rohan or Sohan will give their bike. (Incorrect)

Either Rohan or Sohan will give his book. (Correct)

2. When a singular and a plural noun are joined by ‘or’, ‘nor’, the pronoun must be plural.

Either the student or his teachers failed in his duty. (Incorrect)

Either the student or his teachers failed in their duty. (Correct)

3. ‘Whose’ is used for living persons and ‘which’ for lifeless objects.

Which novel did you select? 

Whose photograph is lying there? 

4. ‘Each other’ is used when there are two subjects or objects and ‘one another’ when there are more than two.

Ram and Sita loved each other.

Those five students, who are sitting there, love one another.

5. Some nouns always take a singular verb.

Scenery, advice, information, machinery, stationery, furniture, abuse, fuel, rice, gram, issue, bedding, repair, news, mischief, poetry, business, economics, physics, mathematics, classic, ethics, athletics, innings, gallows.

(A) The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. (Correct use- is)

(A) He has given advices. (Correct use- advice)

6. Some nouns are singular in meaning, but they are used as plural nouns and always take a plural verb.

Cattle, gentry, vermin, peasantry, artillery, people, clergy, company, police.

(A) The cattle is grazing in the ground. (correct use- are)

(B)  Police has controlled the situation. ( correct use- have)

7. Some nouns are always used in a plural form and always take a plural verb.

Trousers, scissors, spectacles, stockings, shorts, measles, goods, alms, premises, thanks, tidings, annals, chattels, etc.

(A) Where is my trousers? (correct use- are) 

(B) Where are my trousers? Correct

(A) Spectacles is  a costly item. ( correct use- are) 

8. There are some nouns that indicate length, measure, money, weight or number. When they are preceded by a numeral, they remain unchanged in form.

Foot, meter, pair, score, dozen, head, year, hundred, thousand, million.

(A) It is a five – years degree course. (correct use- year)

(A) I have seven dozens of shoes. (correct use- dozen) 

9. Collective nouns such as jury, public, team, committee, government, audience, orchestra, company, etc. are used both as singular and Plural. It depends on the usage. 

(A) The jury was divided in their opinion. (correct use- were)

(A) The team have not arrived yet. (correct use- has) 

10. People are often confused or they commit mistakes in the use of certain nouns.

(A) Lecturership is wrong: lectureship is correct.

(B) Freeship is wrong; free – studentship is correct.

(C) Boarding is wrong; boarding house is correct.

(D) Family members is wrong; members of the family is correct.

(E) English teacher is wrong; the teacher of English is correct.

(F) Cousin – brother or sister is wrong; only cousin is correct.

(G) Wages means punishments when used in the singular.

Ex- The wages of sin is death.

(H) It also means charges for the labour when used in the plural sense.

Ex- The wages of daily workers have been raised.

11. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person, number and gender.

Ex- Every student must bring his luggage.

All students must do their home work.

Each of the boys must carry his own bag.

12. While using ‘everybody’ ‘everyone’, ‘anybody’, and ‘each’ the pronoun of the masculine or the feminine gender is used according to the context.

I shall be happy to help each of the boys in this practice.

But when the sex is not mentioned, we use the pronoun of the masculine gender.

Anyone can qualify this exam if he tries.

Each of the six boys in the class has finished their tasks. (Incorrect)

Each of the six boys in the class has finished his task. (Correct)

13. The pronoun ‘one’ must be followed by ‘one’s’.

One must finish his homework in time.  (Incorrect)

One must finish one’s homework in time.  (Correct)

14. Enjoy, apply, resign, acquit, drive, exert, avail, pride, absent, etc., when used as transitive verbs, always take a reflexive pronoun after them. When ‘self’ is added to ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘him’, ‘her’, and ‘it’, and ‘selves’ to our and them – they are known as reflexive pronouns.

He absented from the meeting.

He absented himself from the meeting.

15. ‘Who’ denotes the subject and ‘whom’ is used for the object?

who : It’s the subject of a verb—e.g., Who gave you that book?

It’s a predicate nominative (a noun in the predicate that renames or refers to the sentence’s subject)—e.g.,This is who I am.

Whom is an objective pronoun, which is a pronoun that receives the action of a verb. It also has two main uses:

It is the object of a verb—e.g., Whom should I call?

It is the object of a preposition—e.g., From whom did you get this information?

16. When a pronoun stands for a collective noun, it must be in the singular number and in the neuter gender if the collective noun is viewed as a whole.But if it gives an idea of different entities , plural pronoun is used. 

The jury gave ‘its’ verdict.

Here the ‘jury’ gives the idea of one whole.

If the collective noun conveys the idea of separate individuals comprising the whole, the pronoun standing for it must be plural.

The jury were divided in their opinions.

in this sentence ,  the ‘jury’ gives the idea of several individuals.

17. If pronouns of different persons are to be used together in a sentence, the serial order of persons should be as follows;

second person(2) + third (3)+ first person(1) in  normal sentences. But when mistake or fault is expressed in the sentence, the order should be; first person(1) + second person(2) + third person(3). RULE-231

You, he and I have finished the work. (Normal idea)

I, you and he are to blame. ( here Confession of guilt is expressed, it’s a negative idea, hence order is 123) 

18. ‘Some’ is used in affirmative sentences to express quantity or degree. ‘Any’ is uses in negative or interrogative sentences.

I shall buy some apples.

I shall not buy any apples.

Have you bought any apples?

But ‘some’ may be correctly used in interrogative sentences which are, in fact, requests.

Will you please give me some water?

19. Use of elder, older.

‘Elder’ is used for persons of same family. 

‘Older’ refers to persons as well as things and is followed by ‘than’.

Rohan is elder than all other boys of this area. (Incorrect)

Rohan is older than all other boys of this area. (Correct)

Sabu is my older brother. (Incorrect)

Sabu is my elder brother. (Correct)

20. Normally ‘than’ is used in the comparative degree, but with words like superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior and prefer ‘to’ is used.

Sara is junior than Neeta.( Incorrect)

Sara is junior to Neeta. (Correct)

I prefer reading than walking. (Incorrect)

I prefer reading to walking. (Correct)

21. when a comparison is made by using a comparative followed by ‘than’, the word ‘other’ must  exclude the thing compared form the class of things with which it is compared.

He is better than any man. (Incorrect)

He is better  than any other man. (Correct)

‘Any man’ includes the man himself and thus the sentences will be awkward.

22. In some cases, the comparison is subtle and must be given proper attention.

Ex- The climate of Delhi is better than Mumbai. (Incorrect)

Here the comparison should be between the climate of Delhi and the climate of Mumbai.

The climate of Delhi is better than the climate of Mumbai. (Correct)

Or, The climate of Ranchi is better than that of Gaya. (Correct) (Here, ‘That of’ means ‘the climate of’)

If the traits are in plural, it will be ‘those of’.

The products of Reliance are better than those of Suzuki.

The scenery of Kashmir is better than Shimla. (Incorrect)

The scenery of Kashmir is better than that of shimla. (Correct)

23. When ‘as well as’, ‘along with’, together with’, ‘no less than’, ‘in addition to’ and ‘not’ and ‘with’ join two subjects, the verb will be used according to the first subject.

Ram, as well as his five friends, are going.( Incorrect)

Ram, as well as his five friends, is going. (Correct)

The teacher, along with the students, were dancing.( Incorrect)

The teacher, along with the students, was going. (Correct)

Rules and Examples: Pronouns

Rules and Examples: Pronouns

1. Since a personal pronoun works in place of a noun, the number, gender, and person of the pronoun must be according to the noun only.

Ex.- Ram has lost his books. (Not their)
She loves his husband. (Incorrect)
She loves her husband. (Correct)

2. When two or more singular nouns are joined by ‘And’ the Pronoun for them always in the plural number.

Ex.- Mohan and Sohan have lost his books. (Incorrect)
Mohan and Sohan have lost their books. (Correct)

3. When two or more singular nouns joined by ‘And’ are preceded by ‘Each’ and ‘Every’ the pronoun must be singular.

Ex.- Every student and every teacher took his or her seat.
Each of Ram and Shyam has done his work.
Each man and each boy in the party has got his share.

4. When a singular noun and a plural noun are combined by ‘Or’, ‘Either-or',  ‘Neither-nor',  the singular noun usually comes first in the sentence and the pronoun must be in the plural number.

Ex.- Either the manager or his subordinates failed in their duty in sending the official message.

5. When two or more singular nouns are joined by 'Either-or', 'neither- nor' the pronoun is always in the singular form.
Ex.- Ram or Mohan should invest his money in some business.
Neither Ram nor Shyam confessed his guilt
Either Sita or Kamla forgot to take her prize.

6. 'Either and neither' are always used in relation to two things or two persons, for more than two ‘Any’, or ‘None’ must be used.

Ex.- Either of the two girls can pay for it.
Neither of the two brothers has been selected.
Any one of the employees can claim it.
None of the students of this class has passed.

7. When in a sentence ‘one’ is used as the subject, all the pronouns in the sentence must be changed into ‘one’ or one’s and not his, her or him.
Ex.-One should keep one’s promise.
One should do one’s duty.
One must finish one’s task in time.

8. When any pronoun functions as the complement of the verb ‘to be’, it is always in the nominative case.
Ex.- It is me who have to go. (Incorrect)
It is I who have to go. (Correct)

It is him who is to blame. (Incorrect)
It is he who is to blame. (Correct)

It was he who could solve the problem Easily. (Correct)

9. Whenever any pronoun functions as an object of the main verb or a preposition, it is in the objective case.
Ex.- It is for he to consider. (Incorrect)
It is for him to consider. (Correct)

Ask he to go. (Incorrect)
Ask him to go. (Correct)

10. When two singular nouns joined by 'and' denote the same person or thing, the pronoun used for them must be singular in number. The article ‘The’ is placed before the first Noun.
Ex.- The accounts officer and treasures should be careful in his work of keeping accounts.

11. When a personal pronoun is connected by a conjunction with some other word in the objective case, it must be in the objective (accusative) case.
Ex.- These clothes are for you and me. (not I)

12. A pronoun should be used in the objective case in a sentence beginning with Let.
Ex.- Let him go to his office
Let her submit the records in time.

13. While confessing a fault (or expressing a negative idea) the sequence of the personal pronouns should be as follows.
I, you and he are in the wrong and will be punished.
[First person first, second person next and third person last]

14. While expressing a positive idea or praise, the sequence of the personal pronouns should be as follows.
You, He and I will get an award for the good work we have done.
[Second person (2), third person (3), and first person (1)]

You, he and I have finished the work.
Ram, I and you have finished our studies. (Incorrect)
You, Ram and I have finished our studies. (Correct)

15. After ‘But’, ‘Except’, ‘Between’ and ‘Let’ the pronoun is used in the objective case.
Ex.-Everyone laughed but I. (Incorrect)
Everyone laughed but me. (Correct)

None attended the meeting except he. (Incorrect)
None attended the meeting except him. (Correct)

Let we laugh away our sorrows. (Incorrect)
Let us laugh away our sorrows. (Correct)

This is between you and I. (Incorrect)
This is between you and me. (Correct)

16. ‘Some’ is used in affirmative sentences to express quantity or degree. ‘Any’ is used in Negative or interrogative sentences.

Ex.-I shall buy some apples.
I shall not buy any apples.

Have you bought any apples?
I shall read any book. (Incorrect)
I shall read some book. (Correct)

17. When a pronoun stands for a collective noun, it must be in the singular number and in the neuter gender if the collective noun is viewed as a whole.
Ex.-The Jury gave its verdict.
The Jury were divided in their opinions.

18. (a) Each other is used for two persons.
Ex.-The two brothers disliked each other.
Romeo and Juliet loved each other.
The two children quarreled with each other.

18.(b) One another is used for more than two persons.
Ex.-Good boys do not quarrel with one another.
All the students of the class are friendly, they like one another.

19. The pronouns who, whom, whose are generally used for persons
Who- Nominative case
Whom- Objective case
Whose-Possessive case

Ex.-Shikha is the student who got an award.
They are the thieves whom the police caught.
This is the student whose certificates are lost.

20.  Use of ‘Which’
(a) For infants, small animals, and objects.
Ex.-This is the baby which was lost in the theater.
This is the dog which my friend bought from the U.S.

(b) When selection is expressed.
Ex.-Which of these television sets do you want to purchase?

(c)To refer to a sentence.
Ex.-He was said to be drunk, which was not true.

21. Uses of ‘That’
(a) For persons, lifeless things and small animals in the singular or in the plural number.
Ex.-This is the girl that failed in the exam.
This is the Radio that I bought Yesterday.

(b) As a substitute for a singular noun already mentioned.
Ex.-The weather of Hyderabad is far better than Chennai. (Wrong)
The weather of Hyderabad is far better than that of Chennai. (Right)

One Word Substitution

1.Succession of rulers belonging to one family → Dynasty

2. To cut something into two pieces → Sever

3. Flat metal or porcelain plate fixed on a wall as an ornament or memorial → plaque

4. Act of deceining somebody in order to make money → fraud

5. A short poem or speech addressed to the spectators after the conclusion of a drama → Epilogue

6. Capable or being understood in either of two or more possible senses, and therefore not definite. → Ambiguous

7. A person who is unable to pay his debts → insolvent

8. Anything which is no longer in use → obsolete

9. A person coming to a foreign land to settle there → immigrant

10. Something capable of being done → feasible

11. Printed notice of somebody’s death → obituary.

12. Just punishment for wrong doing → Nemesis

13. A pioneer of a reform movement → Apostle

14. Wicked to a high degree → heinous

15. A small door in a floor or ceiling → Trapdoor

Allegation & Mixture

Dear students,

Now you have checked scores and start preparing for the Tier -II . we are going to provide Quant quizzes specifically for the mains exam . 

Now, we're going to provide Short Tricks with Example Questions, So that you can familiarise yourself with tricky scenarios of Quant. Every day we'll post Some useful Tricks for SSC CGL Tier -II, and it will help you in scoring respected marks.

                                 

                               Percentage wise distribution of Topics For Tier-II                                          

Allegation & Mixture