Supreme Court of India

Supreme Court of India

Since the birth of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, 45 people have served as the Chief Justice of India (CJI).

 While H. J. Kania is the inaugural CJI, the current incumbent is Dipak Misra who was appointed as Chief Justice of India on 28 August 2017.

Justice Y. V. Chandrachud is the longest serving Chief Justice (February 1978 - July 1985).

Number	Name	Period of office		Length of term (days)	Bar	Appointed by
1	H. J. Kania	26 January 1950	6 November 1951‡‡	649	Bombay High Court	Rajendra Prasad
2	M. Patanjali Sastri	7 November 1951	3 January 1954	788	Madras High Court
3	Mehr Chand Mahajan	4 January 1954	22 December 1954	352	Punjab and Haryana High Court
4	Bijan Kumar Mukherjea	23 December 1954	31 January 1956‡	404	Calcutta High Court
5	Sudhi Ranjan Das	1 February 1956	30 September 1959	1337	Calcutta High Court
6	Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha	1 October 1959	31 January 1964	1583	Patna High Court
7	P. B. Gajendragadkar	1 February 1964	15 March 1966	773	Bombay High Court	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
8	Amal Kumar Sarkar	16 March 1966	29 June 1966	105	Calcutta High Court
9	Koka Subba Rao	30 June 1966	11 April 1967‡	285	Madras High Court
10	Kailas Nath Wanchoo	12 April 1967	24 February 1968	318	Allahabad High Court
11	Mohammad Hidayatullah[2]	25 February 1968	16 December 1970	1025	Bombay High Court	Zakir Hussain
12	Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah	17 December 1970	21 January 1971	35	Bombay High Court	Varahagiri Venkata Giri
13	Sarv Mittra Sikri	22 January 1971	25 April 1973	824	Lahore High Court
14	Ajit Nath Ray	26 April 1973	27 January 1977	1372	Calcutta High Court
15	Mirza Hameedullah Beg	28 January 1977	21 February 1978	389	Allahabad High Court	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
16	Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud	22 February 1978	11 July 1985	2696	Bombay High Court	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
17	Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati	12 July 1985	20 December 1986	526	Gujarat High Court	Gyani Zail Singh
18	Raghunandan Swarup Pathak	21 December 1986	18 June 1989‡	940	Allahabad High Court
19	Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah	19 June 1989	17 December 1989	181	Karnataka High Court	Ramaswamy Venkataraman
20	Sabyasachi Mukharji	18 December 1989	25 September 1990‡‡	281	Calcutta High Court
21	Ranganath Misra	26 September 1990	24 November 1991	424	Odisha High Court
22	Kamal Narain Singh	25 November 1991	12 December 1991	17	Allahabad High Court
23	Madhukar Hiralal Kania	13 December 1991	17 November 1992	340	Bombay High Court
24	Lalit Mohan Sharma	18 November 1992	11 February 1993	85	Patna High Court	Shankar Dayal Sharma
25	Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah	12 February 1993	24 October 1994	619	Karnataka High Court
26	Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi	25 October 1994	24 March 1997	881	Gujarat High Court
27	Jagdish Sharan Verma	25 March 1997	17 January 1998	298	Madhya Pradesh High Court
28	Madan Mohan Punchhi	18 January 1998	9 October 1998	264	Punjab and Haryana High Court	Kocheril Raman Narayanan
29	Adarsh Sein Anand	10 October 1998	31 October 2001	1,117	Jammu and Kashmir High Court
30	Sam Piroj Bharucha	1 November 2001	5 May 2002	185	Bombay High Court
31	Bhupinder Nath Kirpal	6 May 2002	7 November 2002	185	Delhi High Court
32	Gopal Ballav Pattanaik	8 November 2002	18 December 2002	40	Odisha High Court	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
33	V. N. Khare	19 December 2002	1 May 2004	499	Allahabad High Court
34	S. Rajendra Babu	2 May 2004	31 May 2004	29	Karnataka High Court
35	Ramesh Chandra Lahoti	1 June 2004	31 October 2005	517	Madhya Pradesh High Court
36	Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal	1 November 2005	13 January 2007	438	Delhi High Court
37	K. G. Balakrishnan	14 January 2007	12 May 2010	1,214	Kerala High Court
38	S. H. Kapadia	12 May 2010	28 September 2012	870	Bombay High Court	Pratibha Patil
39	Altamas Kabir	29 September 2012	18 July 2013	292	Calcutta High Court	Pranab Mukherjee
40	P. Sathasivam	19 July 2013	26 April 2014	281	Madras High Court
41	Rajendra Mal Lodha	27 April 2014	27 September 2014	153	Rajasthan High Court
42	H. L. Dattu	28 September 2014	2 December 2015	430	Karnataka High Court
43	T. S. Thakur	3 December 2015	3 January 2017	397	Jammu and Kashmir High Court
44	Jagdish Singh Khehar	4 January 2017	27 August 2017	236	Punjab and Haryana High Court
45	Dipak Misra	28 August 2017	Incumbent	0	Odisha High Court	Ram Nath Kovind

Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017

Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017: Get Tips, Tricks and Strategies to crack the IB ACIO 2017 exam

Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017

Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017: The intelligence Bureau comes under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The IB ACIO test will be conducted in pen and paper mode for Assistant Central Intelligence Officer Grade-II/Executive.

IB or Intelligence Bureau is a Security agency and job responsibilities at IB often involve national security, counter-terrorism, IB gives radio licenses to amateur radio enthusiasts. IB also shares intelligence inputs with other intelligence agencies that help protect the country.

Take IB ACIO Tests

Exam	Exam Date
Date of Tier I Exam	15th October 2017
Date of Tier II Exam	7th January 2018

Intelligence Bureau Exam Pattern is as stated below: The Intelligence Bureau exam has three stages and candidates need to qualify in each stage to qualify as an Assistant Central Intelligence Officer.

There are 3 Stages of Exam

1. Preliminary Examination

2. Mains Examination

3. Interview

Tier/Mode of examination	Description of examination	Section-wise Marks	Total Marks	Time (minutes)
Written Exam
Tier-I	Objective type MCQs, on: General Awareness Quantitative aptitude Logical/analytical ability English language.	4 sectionscontaining 25 questions of 1 marks each	100	60

Take Paramount SSC Tests

There is a negative marking scheme, candidates will lose 0.25 marks for every wrong answer attempted. 
Tier II exam:

Tier/Mode of examination	Description of examination	Section-Wise Marks	Total Marks	Time (minutes)
Tier-II	Essay on one of the given topics	30 marks	50	60
	English comprehension & précis writing	20 marks

 Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017

English Preparation Tips:

Several aspirants are comfortable with the idea of solving questions in reasoning and Quantitative analysis but face difficulty while solving English section. Plan your schedule for the important topics like:

1. Sentence Connectors

2. Para- completion

3. Fill in the blanks

4. Reading Comprehension

5. Synonyms and Antonyms

6. Theme based questions

Preparing for English: Preparing for English is necessary to fare well in the exam. The English Section will have questions in English Comprehension, Cloze test and more.

Group	Types of Questions asked or expected for English Section
Grammar	Error Spotting, Phrase Replacement, Fill in the Blanks, Active & Passive Voice, Direct & Indirect Speech
Vocabulary	Phrase Replacement, Error Spotting, Cloze Test, Spellings, Synonyms & Antonyms, Phrase – Idiom Meaning, One Word Substitution, Fill in the Blanks
Reading Comprehension	Vocabulary-based Fact-based and Inference-based
Verbal Ability	Para Jumbles and Sentence Jumbles

General Awareness: The General Awareness Section will be about Security issues, Geo-politcal issues and social issues. You may also have to answer both political questions, and questions related to war and intelligence Agencies like CIA, IB, KGB or Mossad. You may also have to answer questions on scams, and financial fraud and the likes. It can be a very scoring section, if you know the answers.

Quantitative Aptitude: You can prepare for Quantitative Aptitude by following this study pan. Quantitative Aptitude remains the most difficult section of all the four sections.

	Day 1-10	Day 11-20	Day 21-30	Day 31-40	Day 41-50
Quantitative Aptitude	Number Series, Simplification/ Approximation, Quadratic Equations,	Data Interpretation, Averages, Boats and Streams,	Age based problems, Simple and Compound Interest, Mixture and Alligation,	Partnerships, Percentages, Pipes and Cisterns, Profit, Loss and Discount,	Time, Speed and Distance, Time, work and Wages

Reasoning: The Reasoning Section is comparatively easier to the Quantitative Aptitude Section.

Day 1-10

Day 11-20

Day 21-30

Day 31-40

Day 41-50

General Intelligence and Reasoning

Analogies. Similarities and Differences. Space Visualization. Spatial Orientation.

Visual Memory. Discrimination. Relationship concepts. Arithmetical Reasoning. Figurative

Classification. Arithmetic Number Series. Non-Verbal Series. Coding and

Semantic Classification. Symbolic/Number Classification. Decoding. Semantic Analogy. Figurative Analogy.

Number Series. Figurative Series. Venn Diagrams. Embedded Figures etc.

Quick Preparation Tips for IB ACIO Grade II:  Intelligence Bureau IB ACIO Preparation Tips 2017

• Manage your time
• Solve Numerical and word problems well
• Practice regularly with IB ACIO Mock test
• Stay updated with current affairs in politics, security issues, wars and intelligence agencies
• Don’t waste time on a single questions
• Evaluate your performance
• Improve Language and Prepare for English comprehension
• Accuracy is essential in solving mathematical problems
• Practice Yoga and Do exercise
• Eat well and Sleep well
• Ensure Good Physical health as this is required criteria for a IB job
• Keep Good health as it is necessary for Physical Endurance Test that will be conducted after you qualify in Tier I and Tier II exams.
• There is negative marking in the exam, so be careful with your answers.

Books for Intelligence Bureau ACIO exam randomly for all subjects:

1. Book name: Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations
   Author: R.S.Aggarwal
   Publisher: S.Chand
2. Book: Test of Reasoning
   Author: Edgar Thorpe
   Publisher: Pearson
3. Book: High School English Grammar & Composition
   Author: Wren & Martin
   Publisher: S. Chand
4. Book: Word Power Made Easy
   Author : Norman Lewis
   Publisher: Penguin

Vitamins

Vitamins, Their Sources and Diseases Caused Due to Their Deficiencies

Name of the vitamin	Main source	Disease caused due to their deficiencies
Vitamin A	Milk, carrot, dark leafy greens, fish, dried apricots, etc.	Night blindness, dryness of skin (Dermatitis)
Vitamin B1(Thiamine)	Cereals, pulses, peas	Beriberi
Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)	Liver, spinach, mushrooms, milk	Cracking of skin , reddish eye
Vitamin B6(Pyridoxine)	Fish, beef liver, vegetables	Anaemia ,dermatitis
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)	Peas, tomato, eggs	Pellagra and glossitis
Folic Acid	Green leafy vegetables, meat, egg, dried beans ,nuts	Megaloblast and in pregnant birth defects
Pentothenic Acid	meat, yeast , pork ,yogurt ,fish eggs	Premature graying of hair, burning feet syndrome
Vitamin B12(Cyanocobalamin)	Milk, liver, meat ,milk	Pernicious anaemia
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)	Lemons, oranges, fresh fruits and vegetables	Scurvy, sore mouth and gums bleeding
Vitamin D (Calciferol)	Dairy products, sun rays, eggs, oily fish, milk	Many diseases of the bones, rickets in children, osteomalacia
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)	Milk , soyabeans, egg yolk , butter	Interferes with reproduction and causes abortion and menstrual irregularities
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)	Fish, peas and green vegetables	Causes the delayed clotting of blood

Study notes on "BLOOD"

BLOOD

• Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
• The quantity of blood in the human’s body is 7% of the total weight.
• pH value of blood is 7.4.
• There is an average of 5-6 litres of blood in human body.
• Female contains half litre of blood less in comparison to male.
• It also fights infection and regulates temperature. 

Blood cells are produced in BONE MARROW

Red cells, white cells and platelets are made in the marrow of bones, especially the vertebrae, ribs, hips, skull and sternum. These essential blood cells fight infection, carry oxygen and help control bleeding.

Blood has four components:

1. Plasma
2. Red blood cells
3. White blood cells
4. Platelets

PLASMA -> Liquid portion of Blood

It contains 92 percent water, constitutes 55 percent of blood volume. 

FUNCTION:

• maintaining a satisfactory blood pressure 
• volume to supplying critical proteins for blood clotting and immunity.
• medium for exchange of vital minerals such as sodium and potassium 
• helps to maintain a proper pH (acid-base) balance in the body, which is critical to cell function.

RED BLOOD CELLS -> Carry oxygen

• Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells containing haemoglobin, 
• haemoglobin (haem=iron-containing)
• Haemoglobin enables the cells to pick up and deliver oxygen to all parts of the body, then pick up carbon dioxide and remove it from tissues.
• Its life span is from 20 days to 120 days and are then broken down into pigments called bilirubin and biliverdin in the liver.
• Its destruction takes place in liver & spleen. Therefore, liver is called grave of RBC.
• they are made in the bone marrow, 
• they have no nucleus, 
• N.B. oxyhaemoglobin =oxygen rich haemoglobin, 
• deoxyhaemoglobin=low oxygen haemoglobin

WHITE BLOOD CELLS  -> Defend Body (Fighter)

• White blood cells, also called leukocytes
• White cells are the body's primary defense against infection. 
• They can move out of the blood stream and reach tissues to fight infection.
• They are essential for good health.
• Its life span is from 1 to 2 days.
• White blood cells have nuclei and are also made in the bone marrow. 

PLATELETS-> Responsible for clotting

Platelets are the cells that circulate within our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels.

Study of blood = HEMATOLOGY