New Pattern English

Directions (1-4): In each of the following sentences, a part of the sentence is underlined/bold. Beneath each sentence, five different ways of phrasing the underlined/bold part are indicated. Choose the best alternative among the five.

Q1. Carbon-14 dating reveals that the artifacts recovered at Mesopotamia are nearly 2,000 years as old as any of their supposed European predecessors.

(a) supposed older than any of their

(b) as old as their supposedly

(c) as old as their supposed

(d) older than any of their supposed

(e) None of the above

Q2. Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen to twenty-percent down payment, the easy drive loan customer is not required to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

(a) with easy drive loan buying there is no requirement of

(b) easy drive loan customers are not required to make

(c) for the easy drive loan customer there is no requirement of

(d) an easy drive loan does not require the buyer to make

(e) None of the above

Q3. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essentials to the human diet.

(a) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

(b) rice has protein of higher quality than that in

(c) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in rice

(d) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

(e) None of the above

Q4. Had realized how close I was to failing, I would not have taken the SBI PO exam in the second week of December.

(a) Had I realized how close

(b) When I realized how close

(c) If I would have realized

(d) If I realized earlier how close

(e) None of the above

Directions (5-8): In each question, there are pairs of words/phrases that highlighted. From the highlighted word(s)/phrase(s), select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then, from the options given, choose the best one.

Q5. So a blue-ribbon panel has made clear suggestions, and two respected senators have proposed them as law-this seems nitpicking (A)/straightforward (B) enough.

But the suggestions involve an intensive (A)/extensive (B) shake-up that will be far from easy to make reality. Most notably, the 9/11 commission proposed two new entities.

The first is a National Counterterrorism center, building (A)/countering (B) on the Terrorist Threat Integration Center that was established after the September 11th attacks.

Whereas the current center amounts to a clearing house for terrorism-related information, the proposed one would set operational (A)/functional (B) priorities for fighting terrorism and be responsible for the results.

(a) ABBA

(b) BBAA

(c) BAAA

(d) BAAB

(e) BBBB

Q6. Pointless regulations foster (A)/abet (B) graft.

The more meddlesome (A)/irksome (B) the rule, the greater the incentive to bribe officials not to enforce it.

An excellent new study by the World Bank, “Doing Business in 2005”, shows that red tape is one of the chief obstacles (A)/stepping stones (B) to growth in almost all poor countries.

The World Bank estimates that if a country in the worst-regulated quartile were to join the best quartile, it would promote (A)/boost (B) its annual growth rate by 2.2 percentage points.

(a) BAAA

(b) ABBA

(c) BABA

(d) ABAB

(e) AAAA

Q7. The change in personnel-rarely a good sign-seemed to presage (A)/prequel (B) a change in strategy.

Mr. Kerry made two phone calls soliciting (A)/seeking (B) advice from Mr Clinton, who was lying in a hospital’s bed awaiting quadruple bypass surgery.

Mr Clinton apparently (A)/probably (B) told Mr Kerry to concentrate more on the economy and to step up his attacks on Mr Bush.

That has not stopped John Edwards being warned (A)/praised (B) on the campaign trail by loyalists “They’re going to run you right over and make you look like idiots.

(a) ABAB

(b) BBAA

(c) AAAA

(d) AABA

(e) BBBB

Q8. In other words, there is probably much more to gain from promoting (A)/slashing (B) red tape than from begging for more aid.

Especially since donors, unlike air travelers in Angola, are not exactly queuing up (A)/ freewheeling (B) to open their wallets.

Mr. Putin said after Beslan that “we showed ourselves to be weak, and the weak get beaten.” The implication (B)/ indication (B) is that he will now be even tougher in Chechnya.

Not only is that likely to entertain (A)/stir up (B) more terrorism; it also ignores one of the conflict’s main drivers, which is cast.

(a) AABA

(b) AABB

(c) BABA

(d) BAAB

(e) BBBB

Directions (9-15): In each of the questions, choose the meaning of phrase/idiom (given in bold).

Q9. President Saddam Hussein’s effort to annex Kuwait was nothing short of setting the Thames on fire.

(a) A try to achieve an impossible distinction

(b) To destroy the country for nothing

(c) To show his power and might

(d) To make a situation worse

(e) None of these

Q10. One should not stay idle at home; but be up and doing.

(a) Sleeping

(b) Active

(c) Working

(d) Reading

(e) None of these

Q11. Mr Arjun Singh snapped his fingers at Narasimha Rao and got himself in hot water.

(a) To support

(b) To disregard

(c) To deprive

(d) To interfere

(e) None of these

Q12. We are afraid you may not be led astray in by Arvind’s bad company.

(a) Get into trouble

(b) Misguided

(c) Killed

(d) Lose the job

(e) None of these

Q13. To cry wolf

(a) To give false alarm

(b) To turn pale

(c) To ruin over self

(d) To overcome someone

(e) None of these

Q14. To be in dribs and drabs

(a) Without fail

(b) With much ease

(c) In small quantities

(d) With great difficulty

(e) None of these

Q15. A hard nut to crack is

(a) One who is very obstinate

(b) Very difficult child

(c) A walnut or a fruit

(d) Problem that is hard be solved

(e) None of these

Solutions

S1. Ans.(d)

Sol.’ older than any of their supposed’ in the question sentence, the comparison is shown. Hence option D is correct in the given context.

S2. Ans.(d)

Sol.’ an easy drive loan does not require the buyer to make’ this is correct word order according to the given context and express the idea completely and correctly. Other options have faulty word structures.

S3. Ans.(b)

Sol.’ rice has protein of higher quality than that in’ this is correct word order and express the idea clearly.

S4. Ans.(a)

Sol. ‘Had I realized how close’. This is the case of inversion. In this case, we use verb before the subject.

S5. Ans.(b)

Sol. straightforward, extensive, building and operational are correct words that express the conveyed idea appropriately.

S6. Ans.(d)

Sol. foster -encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable).

irksome -irritating; annoying. The word ‘boost’ in sentence D gives us the hint to mark the correct answer.

S7. Ans.(c)

Sol. presage-be a sign or warning of (an imminent event, typically an unwelcome one).

solicit-ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone.

S8. Ans.(d)

Sol. slashing -vigorously incisive or effective.

implication- the conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated. The phrase ‘stir up’ in last sentence hints us towards correct option.  

S9. Ans.(a)

Sol. set the Thames on fire. To do wonderful or exciting things; to cause a great or remarkable sensation in the world; to be extremely exciting, popular, famous, renowned, etc.

S10. Ans.(b)

Sol. up and around; up and doing. Active again, especially after an illness or rest

S11. Ans.(b)

Sol. snap one's fingers at- Treat with contempt, scorn, disregard,

S12. Ans.(b)

Sol. lead someone astray- to direct or guide someone in the wrong direction

S13. Ans.(a)

Sol. To cry wolf-to cry or complain about something when nothing is really wrong.

S14. Ans.(c)

Sol. in dribs and drabs -in small portions; bit by bit

S15. Ans.(d)

Sol. A hard nut to crack -a difficult problem to solve

Sentence Rearrangement

Directions (1-15): Rearrange the following sentences in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them.

(A) One evidence of this is that many highly intelligent people are very low on creativity.
(B) In other words they may find replicating a process very easy but creating a process difficult.
(C) But it is unfortunate that in many organisations these replicates are rated high and promoted over creators.
(D) Intelligence and creativity are two different things.
(E) They may understand the things very fast but are poor if any new thing is to be developed; this in long term gives creators an upper edge.

Q1. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q2. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q3. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q4. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q5. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

(6-10):
(A) The percentage of population below poverty line has been decreasing.
(B) Therefore, it is a welcome sign, but we must guard against our escalating rate of population growth.
(C) Poverty alleviation is one of the most significant programmes.
(D) Although this change is slow and gradual, it appears to be consistent.
(E) The extent of success of this programme can be sensed when we study the proportion of people below poverty line.

Q6. Which sentence should come SECOND in the paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q7. Which sentence should come FOURTH in the paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q8. Which sentence should come FIFTH in the paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q9. Which sentence should come THIRD in the paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

Q10. Which sentence should come FIRST in the paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E

(11-15):
(A) It is not even because grubbing for roots is good discipline.
(B) Moreover, he cannot learn what he ought to know about language from talking about his own.
(C) Nor is it because they will gain satisfaction in recognizing the Latin roots of the word satisfaction.
(D) It is because they cannot understand their own language unless they have studied another.
(E) The reason is not so that they can sell things to the Brazilians, or study German medical books or appreciate those beauties of Homer that are lost in translation.
(F) Our citizens will have to learn at least one foreign language.
(G) The native of any country is immersed in his own language and never sees it as a linguistic structure.

Q11. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence?
(a) C
(b) A
(c) F
(d) G
(e) D

Q12. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence?
(a) E
(b) C
(c) D
(d) B
(e) G

Q13. Which of the following will be the LAST sentence?
(a) D
(b) F
(c) C
(d) B
(e) A

Q14. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence?
(a) G
(b) B
(c) D
(d) E
(e) A

Q15. Which of the following will be the SIXTH sentence?
(a) C
(b) G
(c) F
(d) E
(e) B

Solutions

Sol- 1-5: The correct arrangement of sentences is: DABCE

D- This is the opening line of the paragraph which lays the idea that the paragraph is about Intelligence and creativity.

A- D and A are mandatory pairs. Sentence A gives the idea that Intelligence and creativity are different and sentence A is evidence of the given fact.

B- ‘they’ refers to highly intelligent people from sentence A. 

C- B and C are mandatory pairs.

E- This is the concluding line of the paragraph

S1. Ans.(a)

S2. Ans.(e)

S3. Ans.(b)

S4. Ans.(d)

S5. Ans.(b)

Sol- 6-10:The correct arrangement of sentences is: CDBEA

C- This is the opening line of the paragraph which establishes the idea of Poverty alleviation

D- C and D are mandatory pairs. Here ‘this change’ refers to poverty alleviation.

B- B and D are mandatory pairs.

E-This sentence further elaborates about the success of this programme.

A- This is the concluding sentence of the paragraph.

S6. Ans.(d)

S7. Ans.(e)

S8. Ans.(a)

S9. Ans.(b)

S10. Ans.(c)

Sol-11-15: The correct arrangement of sentences is: FECADGB

F- This sentence established the idea that the paragraph is about learning the foreign language.

E-F and E are mandatory pairs.

C-A- sentence C and A follows sentence E respectively citing reasons for the same.

D- This sentence gives the reason to learn the foreign language.

G- This sentence supports the reason given in previous sentence D.

B- This is the concluding line of the paragraph.

S11. Ans.(c)

S12. Ans.(a)

S13. Ans.(d)

S14. Ans.(e)

S15. Ans.(b)

New Pattern English

Directions (1-10): In each of the following questions, five statements conveying the same idea age given. Select the one which expresses the idea in the most concise manner and mark its number as your answer. Please note that all of them may be grammatically correct and mean the same but you have to select the most concise way of expressing the idea.

Q1.

(a) People who are resilient accept reality the way it comes, they firmly believe that life has a meaning, and it these people who have an uncanny ability to improvise.

(b) Resilient people accept reality and believe that life is meaningful and have an uncanny ability to improvise.

(c) Resilient people are those who accept reality, firmly believe that life is meaningful and these people have an uncanny ability to improvise.

(d) Resilient people besides accept reality firmly believe that life has a meaning and it is they who have an uncanny ability to improvise.

(e) Resilient people are these who accept in reality that life is meaningful when we firmly believe that uncanny ability must be improvised.

Q2.

(a) It is one of modern India’s greatest achievements that the caste system has been reversed to a significant extent, in favour of those people who belong to the oppressed classes of the Indian society.

(b) One of the greatest achievements of modern India is that the caste system has been reversed to a significant extent, favouring those who belong to the oppressed classes of the Indian society.

(c) One of the greatest achievements of modern India is, the caste system has been reduced significantly in favour of the people belonging to the oppressed classes of the society.

(d) It is one of modern India’s greatest achievements that the caste system has been reduced significantly, in favour of the oppressed.

(e) One of the great achievements of modern India is that the caste system has reversals to a significant extent, favouring those who belong to the oppressed classes of the Indian society.

Q3.

(a) Politicians talk about how important it is to keep abreast of the rapidly changing times, though, it is most often, these very same politicians who rarely practice what they preach.

(b) Politicians frequently talk about how important it is for an individual to keep abreast of the rapidly changing times, though it is most often they who rarely practice what they preach.

(c) Politicians talk about how important it is to keep abreast of changing times, though they rarely practice what they preach.

(d) Politicians talk about how important it is to keep abreast of the changing times, though it is most often they who rarely practice what they preach.

(e) Politicians talk about how important it is to keep abreast in changing times, though they rarely practice what they preach.

Q4.

(a) In this modern age which is driven by technology, e-mails and SMS have taken away the need to written letters but printers are still having the last laugh.

(b) In a technology driven age, when e-mails and SMS have taken away the need to write letters, printers are still having the last laugh.

(c) Modern age is being driven by modern technology and e-mails and SMS have taken away the need to write letters but printers are still having the last laugh.

(d) In this modern age which is being driven by technology, e-mails and SMS have taken away the need to write letters, but printers are still having the last laugh.

(e) In an age which is driven by technology, needs of e-mails and SMS are so high that there is no need to write letters.

Q5.

(a) The champions of the local breeds of cows believe that there is a conspiracy to eliminate those breeds of cows which are developed locally to the advantage of foreign bred cows, as they depend on foreign feed and are susceptible to diseases acquired in foreign countries.

(b) Those people who champion for the local bred cows see a conspiracy to eliminate locally bred varieties of cows, to the advantage of foreign bred cows which depend on foreign feed and are susceptible to foreign diseases.

(c) Those who champion for the local breeds of cows, see a conspiracy to eliminate those varieties of cows which are locally bred, to the advantage of foreign-bred cows which depend on foreign feed and are susceptible to foreign diseases.

(d) The champions of the local breeds of cows see a conspiracy to eliminate indigenous varieties to the advantage of foreign-bred cows, which depend on foreign feed and are susceptible to foreign diseases.

(e) The champions of the local breeds of cows believes that there is a conspiracy to eliminate these breeds of cows which are locally developed to the advantage of foreign bred cows, as they depend on foreign feed and are susceptible to diseases acquired in foreign countries.

Q6.

(a) A temple, a mosque, a church or any religious place of worship, is capable of being attacked by terrorists because it is difficult to have a security system that prevents such attacks in places of worship.

(b) A temple, mosque or church is capable of being attacked by terrorists because it is difficult to have a security that is prone to terrorist attacks.

(c) Almost all religious places are vulnerable to terrorist attacks for it is difficult to have a fool proof security system for places of worship.

(d) Almost all religious places are vulnerable to terrorist attacks because it is difficult to have a security system that is prevents terrorist attacks in places of worship.

(e) Almost all religion places are vulnerable to terrorist attacks because it is difficult to have a security system that prevents terrorist attacks in places of worship.

Q7.

(a) In the Indian context, emigration to foreign countries had been a frequently occurring process even before India was colonized by the British, when it was for the purposes of carrying out trade and the spreading of religion.

(b) In the Indian context, emigration has been a continuous process since pre-colonial times when it was for the purposes of trade and the propagation of religion.

(c) In the Indian context emigration to foreign countries has been a continuous process since pre-colonial times when it was for the purposes of trade to popularize religion.

(d) In the Indian context, emigration to foreign countries has been a frequently occurring process since pre-colonial times when it was for the purposes of trade and the speeding of religion.

(e) In the Indian context to emigration to foreign countries a frequently occurring process even before India was colonized by the British, for the only purpose of carrying out trade and to spread religion.

Q8.

(a) The adaptable nature of the people of Indian origin and their initiative to play a significant role, in the country in which they have originated, have made them a force to reckon with for both the country to which they have emigrated and the country in which they have originated.

(b) The Indian diaspora desire to play a significant role in the country in which they have originated and their adaptable nature have made them an important force to reckon with for not only the country to which they have emigrated but also the country in which they have originated.

(c) The adaptability of the Indian diaspora, and their nature to initiate to play a significant role in the country of origin have forced them to reckon with and for the host country and the country of origin.

(d) Being adaptable by nature and possessing the desire to play a significant role in the country in which they have originated, have made the Indian diaspora a force to reckon with for both the country which they have emigrated and the country in which they have originated.

(e) The adaptable nature of the Indian diaspora and their initiative to play a significant role in the country of origin have made them a force to reckon with for both the host country and the country of origin.

Q9.

(a) From the earliest times the English had been charmed by the glory of Greek and Latin literature consequently they had overloaded their system of education with classical studies.

(b) From the earliest times in the history of England the English people had been charmed by the glory of Greek and Latin literature and in consequence they had overloaded their system of education for children by adding a heavy load of classical studies.

(c) Charmed by the glory of Greek and Latin literature, the English people and overloaded their system of education for children by adding a heavy load of classical studies, for the earliest times in the history of England.

(d) The English people were so fascinated by the glory of Greek and Latin literature that they overloaded their system of education for children by adding a heavy load of classical studies, from the earliest times in the history of England.

(e) Charmed by the glory of Greek and Latin literature, the English are overloaded in their system of education as they have added a heavy load of classical studies, from the earliest times in the history of England.

Q10.

(a) Ever since liberalization has come into existence people do not hesitate to show off their wealth publicly.

(b) From the time liberalization has come into existence the desire to publicly display one’s wealth without any hesitation has become stronger among people.

(c) Since the advent of liberalization, the hesitation to display one’s wealth publicly has virtually vanished.

(d) From the time liberalization has come into existence the hesitation to display one’s wealth publicly has virtually vanished among people.

(e) Liberalization has prevented the display of one’s wealth publicly without hesitation.

Directions (11-15): In each of the following questions, a statement and five choices are given. Select from among the choices, the most logical complement and mark its number as your answer.

Q11. Religious fanaticism driving people to terrorize people of other religions inside the country is

(a) as dangerous as terrorism coming from outside the country.

(b) natural and widespread.

(c) needed as a counter offensive.

(d) used to protect religious minorities.

(e) convenient to terrorists.

Q12. The past year, believe it or not, was surprisingly good.

(a) There were many terrorist attacks.

(b) The world economy was sluggish.

(c) How we feel about something depends on what we are expecting.

(d) In many countries unemployment rose.

(e) A positive mind shuns negative thoughts.

Q13. It is a measure of the nation’s skewed political priorities that bandhs are evaluated in terms of whether they are partial or total.

(a) People enjoy a holiday.

(b) Political parties try to gain mileage.

(c) School children get a chance to keep away their home work for one more day.

(d) Daily wage earners get a rest.

(e) Its extraordinary cost both human and financial tends to get overlooked.

Q14. A war against Iraq looks probable.

(a) Poverty in India will be diminished.

(b) Meditation is a good antidote for stress.

(c) The tiger is a protected species.

(d) It could send oil prices soaring.

(e) Prices will soar high if there is a war.

Q15. Soya-the proven disease-fighter-appeals to the palate these days.

(a) Soya beans are now grown in India.

(b) Soya is rich in protein.

(c) Supermarkets now carry flavored soya milk, soya chunks etc, that look and taste good.

(d) Soya is hundred percent vegetarian.

(e) School authorities are encouraging their students to drink soya milk.

Solutions

S1. Ans.(b)

Sol. Sentence B is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy and have different, faulty structures. In sentence E, pronoun ‘these’ is incorrect.

S2. Ans.(d)

Sol. Sentence D is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy.

S3. Ans.(c)

Sol. Sentence C is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy.

S4. Ans.(b)

Sol. Sentence B is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy. Option E doesn’t mention about printers, hence eliminated.

‘In a technology driven age’ this phrase makes the choice correct and easier to find out.

S5. Ans.(d)

Sol. Sentence D is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy.

S6. Ans.(c)

Sol. Sentence C is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences. All other Sentences are wordy.

S7. Ans.(b)

Sol. Sentence B is the most concise and grammatically correct sentence among the given sentences.

S8. Ans.(c)

Sol. Sentence C expresses the idea in the most correct and concise way.

S9. Ans.(a)

Sol. Sentence A expresses the idea in the most correct and concise way.

S10. Ans.(c)

Sol. Sentence C expresses the idea in the most correct and concise way.

S11. Ans.(a)

Sol. Option A complement the idea expressed in the question correctly.

S12. Ans.(c)

Sol. Only option C correctly explain further (logically) the idea expressed in the question sentence.  

S13. Ans.(e)

Sol. Option E logically connects to the question sentence and explain it further.

S14. Ans.(d)

Sol. A war in Iraq can affect the prices. Hence, option D is logical complement of the question sentence.

S15. Ans.(c)

Sol. The story expressed in the question sentence is about Soya. Option C correctly explains further the Soya phenomena.

Banking Awareness

Q1. India was one of the first in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the EPZ model in promoting exports. EPZ stands for-

(a) Export Point Zone

(b) External Processing Zone

(c) Export Production Zone

(d) Export Processing Zone

(e) Export Processing Zonal

Q2. Asia's first EPZ was set up in-

(a) Kandla, Gujarat

(b) Indore, Madhya Pradesh

(c) Kolhapur, Maharashtra

(d) Kochin, Kerala

(e) Haridwar, Uttarakhand

Q3. In which among the following year, Asia's first EPZ was set up?

(a) 1959

(b) 1971

(c) 1965

(d) 1956

(e) 1975

Q4. What is the meaning of "E" in SEZs?

(a) Essential

(b) Economic

(c) Electronic

(d) Effective

(e) None of the above

Q5. SEZs Policy was announced in _________ with the objective of making the SEZs an engine for economic growth, supported by quality infrastructure and an attractive fiscal package both at the Central and State level with a single window clearance.

(a) December 1999

(b) October 2010

(c) January 2005

(d) July 1991

(e) April 2000

Q6. The main objectives of the SEZ act are-

(a) Generation of additional economic activity 

(b) Promotion of exports of goods and services

(c) Promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources 

(d) Creation of employment opportunities

(e) All of the above

Q7. Which among the following Incentives and facilities offered to the SEZs is not correct-

(a) Duty-free import/domestic procurement of goods for development, operation and maintenance of SEZ units.

(b) Exemption from State sales tax and other levies as extended by the respective State Governments.  

(c) Exemption from minimum alternate tax under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act.

(d) 100% Income Tax exemption on export income for SEZ units under Section 10AA of the Income Tax Act for 10 years, 50% for next 5 years thereafter and 50% of the ploughed back export profit for next 5 years.

(e) Exemption from Central Sales Tax.

Q8. ___________ is a specifically delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations and duties and tariffs. 

(a) SEZs

(b) FDI

(c) FIPB

(d) CDR

(e) CSR

Q9. What is the meaning of "S" in SEZs?

(a) System

(b) Simple

(c) Special

(d) Satellite

(e) Service

Q10. Who can set up an SEZ? 

(a) Private sector 

(b) Public sector

(c) State government

(d) All of the above

(e) Only (a) and (b)

Solutions

S1. Ans.(d)
S2. Ans.(a)
S3. Ans.(c)
S4. Ans.(b)
S5. Ans.(e)
S6. Ans.(e)
S7. Ans.(d)
S8. Ans.(a)
S9. Ans.(c)
S10. Ans.(d)